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SLCC Nursing ~ Med-Surg 3 ~ unit 3 test Questions and Answers 2024
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SLCC Nursing ~ Med-Surg 3 ~ unit 3 testHypovolemic shock - answer Hypovolemic shock occurs from inadequate fluid volume
in the intravascular space, leads to decreased tissue perfusion and initiation of the
general shock response. Hypovolemic shock is the most commonly occurring form of
shock.
Hypovolemic shock causes - answer loss of whole blood due to hemorrhage
Loss of blood plasma due to burns
Loss of interstitial fluids due to diaphoresis, diabetes, emesis, diuretics
Hypovolemic shock begins to develop when intravascular volume has decreased by
approximately 15%.
Hypovolemic Shock signs and symptoms - answer Poor skin turgor
Increased thirst
Oliguria
Tachycardia
Hypovolemic shock interventions - answerNursing interventions include minimizing fluid
loss, administering volume replacement, assessing response to therapy, providing
comfort and emotional support, and preventing and maintaining surveillance for
complications.
Stages of Shock - answer1.During the initial stage, cardiac output (CO) is decreased,
and tissue perfusion is threatened.
2.Compensatory stage begins as the body's homeostatic mechanisms attempt to
maintain CO, blood pressure, and tissue perfusion.
3.Progressive stage, the compensatory mechanisms begin failing to meet tissue
metabolic needs, and the shock cycle is perpetuated.
4.Refractory stage, shock becomes unresponsive to therapy and is considered
irreversible. Point of no return
What MAP defines shock - answerThe client with a MAP less than 60 mm Hg or with
evidence of global tissue hypo perfusion is considered to be in a shock state.
, What is the most common type of shock - answerHypovolemic shock is the most
commonly occurring form of shock.
What shock types are distributive - answer1.Septic
2.Anaphylactic
3.Neurogenic
Cardiogenic Shock - answerCardiogenic shock is the result of failure of the heart to
effectively pump blood forward
It can occur with dysfunction of the right or the left ventricle, or both
The lack of adequate pumping function leads to decreased tissue perfusion and
circulatory failure
Cardiogenic Shock Signs and Symptoms - answerThe patient may complain of chest
pain. Tachycardia develops to compensate for the decrease in CO. The respiratory rate
increases to improve oxygenation.
ABG values indicate respiratory alkalosis.
As the left ventricle fails, auscultation of the lungs may disclose crackles and rhonchi,
indicating pulmonary edema. Hypoxemia occurs.
Cardiogenic Shock Causes - answerMI
Cardiogenic Shock Interventions - answerPreventive measures include the identification
of patients at risk, facilitation of early reperfusion therapy for acute MI, and frequent
assessment and management of the patient's cardiopulmonary status.
Patients who require mechanical device therapy (intra-aortic balloon pump [IABP], left
ventricular assist device [LVAD], or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO])
need to be observed frequently for complications, which may include infection, bleeding,
thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, embolus, stroke, device malfunction, circulatory
compromise of a cannulated extremity, SIRS, and sepsis.
Anaphylactic shock - answerAnaphylactic shock, a type of distributive shock, is the
result of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. It is a life-threatening event that
requires prompt intervention. The severe and systemic response leads to decreased
tissue perfusion and initiation of the general shock response.
Anaphylactic shock signs and symptoms - answerMassive vasodilation
Itchy rash
Low BP
Edema
Shortness of breath
Antihistamines and steroids are administered to stop the inflammatory reaction
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