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CISC exam 2 questions & answers 2024/2025
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CISC exam 2 questions & answers 2024/2025 data link packet - ANSWERSframe data link layer - ANSWERShas the responsibility of transferring datagrams from one node to adjacent nodes over a link *each link has a different protocol that provides different services LAN - ANSWERShigh speed da...

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  • August 8, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • cisc exam 2 questions answers

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CISC exam 2 questions & answers
2024/2025

data link packet - ANSWERSframe



data link layer - ANSWERShas the responsibility of transferring datagrams from one node to adjacent
nodes over a link

*each link has a different protocol that provides different services



LAN - ANSWERShigh speed data network that covers a relatively small geographic area. offer computer
users many advantages, including shared access to devices and applications, file exchange between
connected users, and communication between users via email and other apps



MAC - ANSWERSmedia access control



LLC - ANSWERSlogic link control



NIC - ANSWERSNetwork interface card

aka "adaptor"

where the data link layer is implemented



sending side of NIC - ANSWERSencapsulates datagram in a frame

adds error checking bits, flow control, etc.



receiving side of NIC - ANSWERSlooks for errors, flow control, etc.

extracts datagram, passes to receiving node



repeater (LAN) - ANSWERSused to interconnect the media segments of an extended network, allows
signal to travel a longer distance on the media

,- receive signals from one network segment and amplify, retime, and retransmit those signals

*classified as layer 1 (physical layer) device



hub (LAN) - ANSWERS- also known as a multi port repeater

- creates central connection point for wiring media, connects multiple user stations.

- hubs are used to create a physical star network while maintaining the logical busier ring configuration
of the LAN

*classified as a layer 1 (physical layer) device



Bridge - ANSWERSconnects two LAN segments to make on larger continuous LAN

*considered layer 2 (data link layer) device



switch - ANSWERSsometimes called a multipart bridge

forwards data only to the appropriate port for the intended recipient

increases the average available bandwidth per user

*considered layer 2 (data link layer) device



MAC address - ANSWERSused to get frame from one interface to another physically connected interface
(same network)

- manufacturer buys portion of MAC address space (to assure uniqueness)

- flat address: portable, can move from one LAN to another



ARP - ANSWERSAddress Resolution Protocol



ARP table - ANSWERSeach IP node (host, router) on LAN has ARP table, IP/MAC address mappings for
some LAN nodes

<IP address; MAC address; TTL>



TTL - ANSWERStime to live, time after which address mapping will be forgotten (typically 20 min)

, ARP protocol: same LAN - ANSWERS1. A wants to send datagram to B, but B's MAC address is not in A's
ARP table

2. A broadcasts ARP query frame, containing B's IP address w/destination address: FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF, all
machines on LAN receive ARP query

3. B receives ARP frame, replies to A with its (B's) MAC address, frame sent to A's MAC address (unicast)

4. A caches (saves) IP-to-MAC address pair in its ARP table until information becomes old (times out),
soft state: information that times out (goes away) unless refreshed

5. ARP is "plug and play": nodes create their ARP tables without intervention from net administrator



LAN protocols: IEEE 802 standards - ANSWERSinternet layer - TCP/IP internet layer standards



data link layer - LLC layer - 802.2

- MAC layer - Ethernet 802.3 MAC layer standards



Physical layer - 10 Base T - 100 Base TX - 1000 Base TX



Ethernet - IEEE 802.3 - ANSWERS"dominant" wired LAN technology

- cheap - $20 for 100 Mbps

- first widely used LAN technology

- kept up with speed race: 10 Mbps - 10 Gbps



connection choices: hub or switch



UTP - ANSWERSunshielded twisted pair



LAN media access methods - ANSWERSdetermines how nodes share channel, determines when nodes
can transmit

*two main ways: CSMA/CD (used in ethernet MAC layer) and token passing

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