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NURS 6902 FINAL EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NURS 6902 FINAL EXAM WITHQUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What does the A-wave represent on a CVP waveform? - ANSWER This represents
the atrial kick/contraction
what does the C wave represent on the CVP waveform? - ANSWER Represents
bulging of the AV valve during LV ejection
What does Y wave represent on the CVP waveform X? - ANSWER This represents
atrial relaxation
What does V represent on the CVP waveform? - ANSWER This represents passive
filling of the atrium
What does the Y waveform represent on the CVP waveform? - ANSWER This
represents passive ventricle filling
What is Ohm's Law? - ANSWER This looks at flow about pressure and resistance
Flow = Change in pressure (or a pressure gradient) / resistance
What is the Law of Laplace? - ANSWER This looks at ventricular wall stress
changes concerning ventricle pressure, radius, and thickness
-it demonstrates the amount of resistance the LV must overcome to open the aortic
valve
Ventricle wall stress = (pressure x radius) / ventricle thickness
What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart? - ANSWER A law that explains how
CO and preload are related; Preload is directly proportional to CO until there is
excessive stretch
What is Poiseuille's Law? - ANSWER This looks at resistance about a vessel's
length and radius, as well as the viscosity of blood
R = 8NL / ((r ^4) x Pi)
, What happens during phase 0 of the cardiac myocyte AP? - ANSWER This is
when Na floods into the cell
What happens during phase 1 of the cardiac myocyte AP? - ANSWER Na channels
close, Potassium channels open
What happens during phase 2 of the cardiac myocyte AP? - ANSWER Ca channels
open
What happens during phase 3 of the cardiac myocyte AP? - ANSWER Ca channels
close and there is increased permeability to K
What happens during phase 4 of the cardiac myocyte AP? - ANSWER K Channels
close and leak channels remain open
How do you calculate CaO2? - ANSWER CaO2 = (1.34 x Hgb x SaO2) + (0.003 x
PaO2)
How do you calculate CPP? - ANSWER CPP = MAP - ICP (or CVP)
How do you calculate DO2? - ANSWER DO2 = CaO2 x CO x 10
What is the Bohr's equation? - ANSWER % of dead space = (PaCO2 - EtCO2) /
PaCo2
How do you calculate alveolar oxygen content? - ANSWER PAO2 = FiO2(PB -
PH2O) - (PaCO2/ (R/Q))
OR
PAO2 = FiO2(813) - (PaCO2/0.8)
What does a 2nd-degree type 1 heart block look like? - ANSWER This is when the
PR gets progressively longer and then there is a dropped QRS
(Longer, Longer, Longer, Drop)
What does a 2nd Degree Type 2 HB look like? - ANSWER This is when the PR
interval is constant but there is dropped QRS occasionally
What does a third-degree HB look like? - ANSWER This is when the atria and
ventricles are not communicating; P-P is consistent and R-R is consistent
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