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Industrial/Organizational Psychology EPPP Study Exam Questions with Complete Solutions.
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Industrial/Organizational Psychology EPPP Study Exam Questions with Complete Solutions. Hawthorne Studies - CORRECT ANSWER A series of studies during the 1920s and 1930s that provided new insights into individual and group behavior Human Relations Approach - CORRECT ANSWER Todays predominan...

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  • August 8, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Industrial/Organizational Psychology
EPPP Study Exam Questions with
Complete Solutions.

Hawthorne Studies - CORRECT ANSWER A series of studies during the 1920s and 1930s that provided
new insights into individual and group behavior



Human Relations Approach - CORRECT ANSWER Todays predominant viewpoint which arose under the
impact of the Hawthorne studies in the 20's and 30's.



Hawthorne effect - CORRECT ANSWER the tendency for people to behave differently when they know
they are being observed



Ouchi's Theory Z - CORRECT ANSWER William Ouchi's theory is based on the participative management
style of the Japanese. This theory states that workers are motivated by a sense of commitment,
opportunity, and advancement.



Scientific Management - CORRECT ANSWER studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing
things and then teaching people those techniques. People are extensions of the machines (ignores
individual needs, ability or interests) Workers are considered lazy/dishonest/low intelligence



Fredrick Taylor - CORRECT ANSWER Discovered the scientific management system- a way of organizing
people in the most efficient manner.



Theory X - CORRECT ANSWER assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically
motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above.



Theory Y - CORRECT ANSWER assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to
achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity.

,Trait Theory of Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER assumes that there is a universal set of traits that can
distinguish good leaders from poor leaders. Examples include: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez
faire leaders.



Situational theory - CORRECT ANSWER the theory of leadership asserting that leadership depends on the
situation

Includes: Fiedler's LPC Theory, Cognitive Resource Theory, Vroom and Yetton's Normative Model,
House's Path-Goal Theory, and Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Theory.



Fiedler's Contingency Theory (LPC Theory) - CORRECT ANSWER based on the premise that a leader's
effectiveness is contingent on the extent to which a leader's style fits or matches characteristics of the
situation at hand

High LPCs are people oriented while Low LPCs are Task Oriented



Cognitive Resource Theory - CORRECT ANSWER A theory of leadership which states that stress
unfavorably affects a situation and that intelligence and experience can reduce the influence of stress on
the leader



Vroom & Yetton's Normative Model - CORRECT ANSWER This provides a "decision tree" to help a leader
determine an autocratic, consultative, or consensual decision-making approach



House's Path-Goal Theory of Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER The most important aspect in leadership is
the follower's expectation that a task can be accomplished and that it will lead to rewards. Four types of
leadership styles are: Directive, supportive, achievement oriented, and participative.



Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER looks at employees' readiness to
perform (telling, selling, participating, delegating)



Transactional Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER leadership based on an exchange process in which
followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance



Transformational Leadership - CORRECT ANSWER leadership that generates awareness and acceptance
of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interests
for the good of the group

, Reward Power - CORRECT ANSWER the ability of a manager to give or withhold tangible and intangible
rewards

e.g. offering bonuses for excellent performance



coercive power - CORRECT ANSWER The ability of a manager to punish others

e.g. fire an employee for poor performance



legitimate power - CORRECT ANSWER the authority that a manager has by virtue of their position in an
organization's hierarchy

e.g. power that comes from being in a supervisory position



refferent power - CORRECT ANSWER Based on identifying with, admiring, or liking the person in a
leadership position



expert power - CORRECT ANSWER influence based on special skills or knowledge



rational-economic model - CORRECT ANSWER the model of decision making according to which decision
makers consider all possible alternatives to problems before selecting the optimal solution



Administrative Approach - CORRECT ANSWER the behavioral approach to decision making also referred
to as satisfysing style. Used when problems are ambiguous, and the first satisfactory alternative is
chosen. Associated with Herbert Simon.



Conflict - CORRECT ANSWER can be intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup, or interorganziation.
Resolution can be lose-lose (compromise), win-lose (competition or authority), or win-win
(collaborative/ problem solving).



Negotiation - CORRECT ANSWER Can be two-party, group, intergroup, or among constituencies.
Distributive negotiation involves parties claiming part of the pie, while Integrative/principled negotiation
involves attempting to enlarge the pie. Arbitrations occurs when a judge issues a binding decision after
listening to both sides.

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