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AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with Complete Solutions

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AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with Complete Solutions List the differences between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell. Correct answer-Eukaryotic Cell: - nucleus (has more DNA) that's bound by a double membrane - endomembrane organelles in the cytosol (nuclear envelope, endoplasmi...

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  • August 8, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with
Complete Solutions
List the differences between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell. Correct answer-Eukaryotic
Cell:

- nucleus (has more DNA) that's bound by a double membrane

- endomembrane organelles in the cytosol (nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi
apparatus, lysosomes, plasma membrane, various types of vesicles & vacuoles)

- typically larger



Prokaryotic Cell:

- no nucleus, but has DNA (circular chromosome) that is concentrated in the nucleoid that's not
bound by a membrane

- no endomembrane organelles

- typically smaller




List the similarities between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell. Correct answer-- plasma
membrane

- cytosol (filler)

- chromosomes (carry genes in the form of DNA)

- ribosomes

- phospholipid bilayer

- vacuoles (Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have multiple small vacuoles)

- cytoplasm

- cholesterol

, AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with
Complete Solutions

Give two causes for size limits for certain cell types. Which would be considered the main
reason for size limits? Correct answer-The need for a surface area of sufficient area to
support the cell's metabolic needs is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells.

A large surface area : volume ratio is helpful because nutrients needed to sustain the cell enter
via the surface of the cell & are needed in quantities related to the cell volume.

The smaller the size of the object, the larger its surface area : volume ratio.



Ex: In the jelly auger cell lab, diffusion was most efficient in the smallest cube. The larger the
cube, the less diffusion occurs because volume increases faster.




- Surface area : volume ratio needs to be small.

- DNA overload - the larger you get, the bigger the result & the more stuff. It cannot handle all
the jobs it needs to do.

- As the cell gets bigger = the job of its DNA gets bigger




Function of Rough ER Correct answer-- Produces proteins for export (protein transport =
protein secretion*)

- Active & used in membrane synthesis (synthesizes phospholipids & proteins)

- Aids in synthesis of secretory & other proteins

- Makes membrane, phospholipids, structures

- Protein Production

, AP Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide; Questions with
Complete Solutions
Function of Smooth ER Correct answer-- Synthesizes lipids

- Metabolizes carbohydrates

- Detoxifies drugs & poison

- Has a collection of enzymes that detoxify drugs, especially in the LIVER

- Stores calcium ions

- Active in membrane synthesis




Function of Ribosomes Correct answer-- Make proteins

- Carry out protein synthesis




Function of Golgi Apparatus Correct answer-- Active in synthesis, modification, sorting, &
secretion of cell products

- Tags, sorts, & packages materials into transport vesicles ("UPS headquarters")




Function of Lysosomes Correct answer-- Breaks down ingested substances, cell
macromolecules, food (phagocytosis), & damaged organelles (autotrophy) for recycling

- Gets rid of damaged organelles & waste

- Mainly in Animal Cells

- Active during & help Apoptosis (cell suicide; self-destruct mechanism)

- Turgid (cell membrane is pushing against cell wall & makes the cell stiff)

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