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PSYC 450 Drugs and Behaviour Final exam new update Learning Objectives Athabasca university
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PSYC 450 Drugs and Behaviour Finalexam new update Learning Objectives
Athabasca university
PSYC 450 Drugs and Behaviour Final Learning Objectives Athabasca university
,450 FINAL (1)
1. Describe how drugs move through and affect the body.
• Drugs move through the body via the blood stream to the brain. How
drugs get to the bloodstream is variable to how the drug is administered.
Drugs that are taken orally must first be metabolized by the liver, which
can affect the bioavailability of a drug.
2. Discuss the time course of drug distribution and elimination.
• Drugs are distributed throughout the body via the blood stream which is
called bioavailability. How bioavailable a drug is will be directly related
to the number of receptor binding sites available as well as the rate at
which the drug is eliminated from the body.
3. Describe the concept of half-life.
• The half-life of a drug is the rate at which a drug is eliminated from the
body. For example, if a drug has a half-life of 4 hours then the
bioavailability of that drug will be half after 4 hours than half of that
after another 4 hours.
4. Discuss drug tolerance and dependence.
• Drug tolerance occurs when the body begins to adjust to chronic
administration of a substance. Typically, tolerance is related to an
accumulation of P450 enzyme (the enzyme in the liver responsible for
metabolizing drugs) and down regulation of receptor site available for
binding.
• Drug dependence occurs when individuals take for the purpose of
alleviating withdrawal symptoms.
5. Describe the importance of the drug-receptor interaction.
• Drug receptor interactions are important because they determine what
action a ligand will have and what chemical reaction will take place. For
example, if the ligand is a receptor agonist it will promote ions to flow
through the receptor causing a excitatory response and a possible
action potential. Antagonist ligands will do the opposite.
6. Discuss the structure and function of receptors.
• There are two types of receptors; ionotropic which allow ions to flow
through the cellular membrane and metabotropic receptors that act
through a 2nd messaging system, g protein coupling and
phosphorylation and kinase.
7. Explain the dose-response relationship.
• The dose response relationship can be demonstrated by a dose response
curve. The dose response is central in determining safety thresholds
of drugs that may marketed to the larger population. At low doses very
few receptors cites are occupied and more receptor cites are occupied
, the curve increases. The lowest point on the curve that produces a
therapeutic effect is called the ED50 which is the point at which we
assume that 50% of the receptor cites are occupied.
8. Identify principles of drug safety and effectiveness.
• In order to weigh the safety of a drug with the effectives of a drug we use
what is called the therapeutic index. The purpose of the therapeutic
index is the find
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