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Reading & Language Arts Elementary Education Generalist Exam || All Answers Are Correct 100%.
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Affix correct answers A word element, such as a prefix or suffix, that is attached to a base, stem, or root. Can be either inflectional or derivational. Alphabetic Principle correct answers An understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words. Very simply, the E...

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  • August 11, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Reading & Language Arts Elementary Education Generalist
Exam || All Answers Are Correct 100%.
Affix correct answers A word element, such as a prefix or suffix, that is attached to a base, stem,
or root. Can be either inflectional or derivational.

Alphabetic Principle correct answers An understanding that letters and letter patterns represent
the sounds of spoken words. Very simply, the English language has 26 letters and 44 sounds.

Analytic Phonics (Implicit Phonics) correct answers Analyzing sounds from known words to
discover relationships; examination of anchor words (whole --> part --> whole)

Blends correct answers Two letters used to represent two different phonemes. When pronounced,
each of the phonemes maintains its sound.

Breve correct answers A diacritical mark (u-curved) placed over a vowel to indicate a short
sound or unstressed vowel.

C+le correct answers A vowel pattern within a syllable that contains a consonant + "le"

Consonant Digraph correct answers Two-letter spellings for one phoneme (one sound). Example:
"th" and "ng" in the word "thing"

Consonant correct answers Formed when air is constricted as it moves toward the lips. The
sound changes based on where the air is slowed or stopped in the mouth.

CVC correct answers A vowel pattern within a syllable that contains a consonant followed by a
vowel and another consonant.

Derivational Affixes correct answers Affixes added to base words that affect the meaning
(sign/resign, break/breakable) and/or part of speech (beauty/beautiful)

Digraph correct answers A combination of two letters possessing a single phoneme, or sound
(e.g. /ea/ in "head" or /ch/ in "chance")

Diphthong correct answers Long vowel sounds where the tongue glides from one part of the
mouth to another in order to produce the sound.

Grapheme correct answers The written representation of a phoneme. Can be one letter or a
combination of letters. (The number of these in a word does not equate to the number of letters.)

Inflectional Affixes correct answers Suffixes that create plural nouns or allow verb agreement by
adding -s; create verb tense by adding -ed, -en-, and -ing. These do not change the meaning of
the word or its part of speech.

, Macron correct answers The pronunciation symbol over a long vowel; a straight horizontal line
over the vowel.

Morpheme correct answers In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word
or a part of a word (such as a prefix).

Morphology correct answers The study of words

Onset correct answers The consonant(s) that come before the rime in ONLY single syllables.

Phoneme correct answers The smallest unit of sound that makes a difference and changes the
word for a native English speaker. There are approximately 44 of these in the English language,
depending on dialect.

Phonemic Awareness correct answers Understanding that language is made up of sounds and
distinguishing between sounds (sounds within a word). Deals with the identification and
manipulation of sounds. A subset of phonological awareness.

Phonetics correct answers The study of speech sounds. Has nothing to do with words and letters.

Phonics correct answers A method in which basic phonetics, the study of human speech sounds,
is used to teach beginning reading. How sounds and symbols go together and the relationships
between them.

Phonological Awareness correct answers One's sensitivity to, or explicit awareness of, the
phonological structure of words in one's language. This is an "umbrella" term that is used to refer
to a student's sensitivity to any aspect of phonological structure in language. (Sentences are made
up of words, words can rhyme, etc.; beyond words)

Prosody correct answers The patterns of stress and intonation in a language. ("Do I read with
expression?")

Rime correct answers The part of a single syllable that includes the vowel sound and consonant
sound(s) that comes after it. The graphic representation is called a phonogram.

Schwa correct answers An unstressed sound commonly occurring in unstressed syllables. (Ex:
"a" in "about", "o" in "occur", "i" in "pencil", "u" in "circus")

Structural Analysis correct answers Looking at a word in parts or chunks. A procedure for
teaching students to read words formed with prefixes, suffixes, or other meaningful word parts.

Syllable correct answers A segment of a word that contains one vowel sound. The vowel may or
may not be preceded and/or followed by a consonant.

Synthetic Phonics (Explicit Phonics) correct answers Direct instruction in letter to sound;
building words (bottom-up) or breaking down whole words into parts (top-down); focus on

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