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EARTHSCI 2GG3 - Midterm #1 Review
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This document provides for a thorough and in-depth review for the EARTHSCI 2GG3 - Natural Disasters midterm #1 taught in the undergraduate department of science under the School of Geography and Earth Sciences. I received above a 90% on this exam using these notes

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  • October 23, 2019
  • 23
  • 2019/2020
  • Study guide

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EARTHSC 2GG3 MIDTERM #1
● September 4th
○ Hazards and Disasters
■ Hazard: ​phenomenon that causes problems for ppl - if no ppl involved, no hazard
■ Disaster: ​significant number of ppl involved
○ Disaster Aid in Canada
■ Based on cost of damage
■ We qualify for federal disaster aid when >$500,000 worth of damage
■ But yearly ​impact ​of many small events ​exceeds losses ​from fewer, larger events
○ “Natural”
■ Many natural disasters are encouraged by human activities
■ Geological ​hazards - entirely natural causes
■ Hydrometerological​ hazards - combo
■ Biologically ​related hazards - combo
○ Are Disasters Getting Worse?
■ 1964-1968: 1 person in ​10,000 ​killed by natural disaster
■ 2000-2004: 1 person in ​100,000​ killed by natural disaster
■ 1964-2004
● Most deaths occurred in ​15 countries
● 87% ​below median Democracy Index
● 73% ​below median Gross Domestic Product
○ Case I: Popocatepetl, the Smoking Mountain
■ In the year 822, eruption buried nearby cities
■ Today, 100,000 ppl live at the base
■ Mexico City and Puebla are close by
○ Frequency and Magnitude
■ Magnitude: ​size, ​Frequency​: how often
■ Return period: ​number of yrs between same-size events
■ As magnitude increases, frequency decreases; e.g., 100-yr-floods
○ Case 2: Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
■ Polynesian explorers settled on Easter Island (Rapa Nui) ~1,000yrs ago
■ Trees felled to use rollers, canoes, firewood
■ As forests disappeared, social system collapsed
■ Why? No trees = collapse?
● No fuel and no material for boat-building or houses
● Soil erosion led to crop failure
■ Carrying Capacity: ​how ppl can be supported by a given environment
● Related to availability of food, water, energy
● Affected by pollution, disease, weather conditions
○ Case 3: Ireland
■ In 1841, almost ½ population living wholly/mostly on potatoes (one strain)
■ Fungal blight wiped out entire crop; ppl starved, poor most vulnerable
○ World Pop. Growth
■ As pop. grows, greater # of ppl at risk from natural disasters
○ Enviro. and Pop.
■ Pop. rise and fall in response to resources and events
○ Slowing Down Pop. Growth
■ 1. Increasing age of 1st childbearing
■ 2. Birth control education
■ 3. Natural birth rate reduction programs

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