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USF PCB 3023 Exam 2 Questions And Answers With 100% Correct Answers
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Composition of Lipid Bilayer - 50% lipids (outnumber all other molecules 50:1), proteins (50% of mass of membranes), cholesterol Plasma Membrane (Function) - Enclose Cells, Organelles 1. Defines Boundaries to regulate chemical composition and environment 2. Define malleable borders Saturated -...

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  • August 13, 2024
  • 16
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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USF PCB 3023 Exam 2
Composition of Lipid Bilayer - 50% lipids (outnumber all other molecules 50:1), proteins (50% of
mass of membranes), cholesterol



Plasma Membrane (Function) - Enclose Cells, Organelles

1. Defines Boundaries to regulate chemical composition and environment

2. Define malleable borders



Saturated - Single Bonded



Unsaturated - Double Bonded



Fatty Acids - Monomers for Lipids



Function of Lipids - 1. energy storage

2. cell membranes



Why Do Mitochondria have a double membrane? - Prehistoric cells absorbed mitochondria (as a
bacteria)



Why do lipids self-assemble in water? - To prevent hydrophobic tails from touching water.
Hydrophillic heads protect. This lowers free energy (delta G).



If hydrophillic heads are exposed... - Delta G will increase



Glycolipids - lipid with glycosidic bond to glucose in hydrophillic head.



Antigens on Red Blood Cells are..? - Glycolipids

,Cholesterol - A lipid steroid ring attached to glycerol. Fills gaps in Plasma Membrane left by
unsaturated hydrocarbon tails. Rigid.



How many pints of Blood are in the body? - 10 pints, on average. When you donate blood you
donate a pint. 7,000,000,000 RBCs in a single liter. Body has trillions of cells



What is Fluidity? - How easily lipids can move within a membrane



Are cells symmetrical or asymmetrical? - Asymmetrical. Asymmetry established at 'birth' of the
cell



What is flipase? - Specific catalyzed Transfer. Uses fatty acids from cytosolic monolayer to add new
membrane. Responsible for 'flip-flop' of lipids



What is scramblase? - Random Catalyzed Transfer.



Where are lipids synthesized? - Endoplasmic Reticulum.



How are lipids synthesized in the ER transported across the cell? - Via vesicles.

(EXCEPTION: Lipids for Mitochondrial Membrane and Plasmid Membrane)



Why are cells asymmetrical? - 1. To distinguish living and dead cells (Phosphatadylserine (-) is
transferred across membrane during apoptosis)

2. Signal Transduction. So that extracellular signals can be relayed through cell membrane



Types of Movement in Membrane Lipids - 1. Lateral Diffusion (~10^8 cm^2/sec at 310K)

2. Transverse Fluctuation

3. Rotation

4. Flexion

, 5. Flip-Flop (RARE for lipids. Common for cholesterol)



Planar (Black) Membrane - Technique to study a lipid bilayer



Liposome - Organelle. Good for studying lipid bilayers



FRAP- fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching - FRAP measures membrane fluidity- the
ability of a cell to shuffle lipids laterally to replace the photo bleached portion. Revealed that cells are
typically consistency of olive oil



Transmembrane Proteins - Have hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions



Types of Transmembrane Proteins - 1. Single Alpha Helixes

2. Multiple Alpha Helixes

3. Rolled up Beta Sheets



Lipid-Anchored Proteins - Simply anchored to lipids in one layer of the membrane



Types of Lipid-Anchored Proteins - 1. Lipid Anchored via Non-Covalent Interaction

2. Covalently Attached to Lipid Chain

3. Covalently Attached to Oligosaccharide link



Types of Periphreal proteins - Attach to other membrane proteins non-covalently



Function of Membrane Proteins - 1. Transport (protons, ions, small molecules, proteins, RNA)

2. Signal Transduction (Chemical to Mechanical) or (Chemical to Chemical)

3. Cell to Cell Recognition

4. Cytoskeletal and ECM attachment

5. Catalysis

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