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PSS 1411 Exam 3 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
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PSS 1411 Exam 3 Questions & Answers 2024/2025 Macronutrients - ANSWERSnitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) Micronutrients - ANSWERSiron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), boron (B), copper (Cu), chloride (C...

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  • August 14, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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PSS 1411 Exam 3 Questions & Answers
2024/2025

Macronutrients - ANSWERSnitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg),
sulfur (S), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O)



Micronutrients - ANSWERSiron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), boron (B), copper (Cu), chloride (Cl),
molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)



Main functionality of Nitrogen - ANSWERSmajor component of plant chemicals: amino acids, etc



Main functionality of Phosphorus - ANSWERSEnergy transfer, germination, most aspects of plant growth



Main functionality of Potassium - ANSWERSprotein synthesis, enzyme activation, disease resistance,
enhances fruiting and flowering, water balance



Main functionality of Iron - ANSWERSinvolved in the synthesis of chlorophyll, and it is essential for the
maintenance of chloroplast structure and function



Why is Iron a particular problem in West Texas soils? - ANSWERSpowerpoint slide; the deficiency is
caused by the high pH levels of our soils



Soil Analysis - ANSWERSnutrient compounds in the soil are examined



Plant Analysis - ANSWERSnutrient deficiencies of the actual plants are examined



What are other problems to consider besides nutrient defiency that can look similar? - ANSWERS- poorly
drained soils

- over or under watering

,- pH extremes

- root diseases

- root pruning

- plant pests

- soil compaction

- adverse soil temperatures



organic fertilizers - ANSWERSanimal manure, compost, fish meal and bone meal



inorganic fertilizer - ANSWERSmined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements; ammonium
sulfate (21-0-0), ammonium phosphate (16-20-0), 10-10-10



advantages of organic fertilizers - ANSWERS- Contain more than one nutrient

- Nutrients are released slowly

- Act as soil amendments



disadvantages of organic fertilizers - ANSWERS- Usually low in nitrogen

- bulky

- manures may contain high amounts of salts (potassium, sodium, nitrates)

-excessive use can lead to groundwater pollution



advantages of inorganic fertilizers - ANSWERS- Usually concentrated, so small amounts provide necessary
nutrients

- Usually economical

- Provide plants with readily available nutrients



disadvantages of inorganic fertilizers - ANSWERS- Often applied excessively (resulting in salt injury to
plant and resulting in excessive plant growth)

- Some nutrients, especially nitrogen, are very soluble and can be readily leached (resulting in nutrients
lost from root zone and resulting in groundwater pollution)

, What is a soil amendment? - ANSWERSA material that indirectly improves plant growth by:

1. improving soil structure, drainage

2. increasing the soil's water and nutrient holding capacity

3. modifying soil pH



Why does a soil amendment not work as a main fertilizer? - ANSWERSThe fertilizer directly improves
plant growth and soil amendment indirectly improves it



How to determine number of pounds of N-P-K and costs - ANSWERS#1) % of nutrients x weight of bag =
___ lbs of nutrient in bag

#2) price of bag / ___ lbs of nutrient in bag

#3) lower answer is better price



What are high/low tunnels are what are they useful for? - ANSWERSDouble protection from frost in
Winter; modify humidity, air temperature, soil temperature, and solar radiation; help protect produce
from wind, hail, strong rains, and pests



Why should you consider families when planting vegetables/fruit? - ANSWERSyou don't want to plant
plants all from the same family in one area because plants in the same families share genetics which
means they share diseases and pests



What is crop rotation and how could it be used with vegetable gardening or farming? - ANSWERSWhen
the farmer plants different plants in a rotation like sequence; This is important so the crops do no use up
all the nutrients in one area and the soil has time to recover



What is succession planting, and how would it be helpful in garden planning? - ANSWERSstaggering
plantings or plant multiple crops in the same area throughout the season. Each time a crop is finished
you pull it and plant a new one



What is lasagna gardening and why is it an easy way to get organic matter into the soil? - ANSWERS1) put
cardboard or three layers of newspaper directly on top of the grass or weeds in the area you've selected
for your garden

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