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CTI Midterm 2 (1) Questions & 100% Verified Correct Answers with complete solutions (Latest update
CTI Midterm 2 (1) Questions & 100% Verified Correct Answers with complete solutions (Latest update
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CTI Midterm 2cyber kill chain - ANS-One of the first ways to analyze all the threat data is to map the event
data to a _
a systematic process to target and engage an object to create desired effects - ANS-Kill chain
Find, Fix, Track, Target, Engage, Assess - ANS-the US military targeting doctrine defines the
steps of the kill chain process as:
any one deficiency will interrupt the entire process - ANS-the kill chain integrated end-to-end
process is described as a "chain" because _
fit cyber applications - ANS-the kill "chain" has been adapted to _
trying to get into your network - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Initial Access
trying to run malicious code - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Execution
trying to maintain their foothold - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Persistence
trying to gain higher-level permissions - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Privilege Escalation
trying to avoid being detected - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Defense Evasion
trying to steal account names and passwords - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Credential Access
trying to figure out your environment - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Discovery
trying to move through your environment - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Lateral Movement
trying to gather data of interest to their goal - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Collection
trying to communicate with compromised systems to control them - ANS-ATT&CK tactic:
Command and Control
trying to steal data - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Exfiltration
trying to manipulate, interrupt, or destroy your systems and data - ANS-ATT&CK tactic: Impact
1. Reconnaissance, 2. Weaponization,
3. Delivery,
,4. Exploit,
5. Installation,
6. Command and Control,
7. Actions on Objectives - ANS-Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain (order of phases)
(IDENTIFY THE TARGETS)
research, identification, and selection of targets within organization,
ex: Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn searches - ANS-Reconnaissance
(PREPARE THE OPERATION)
coupling exploit with backdoor into deliverable payload, ex: coupling a remote access Trojan
(RAT) to a PDF file - ANS-Weaponization
(LAUNCH THE OPERATION)
delivering a weaponized bundle to the victim, ex: emailing the PDF to targeted user(s) -
ANS-Delivery
(GAIN ACCESS TO VICTIM)
exploiting a vulnerability to execute code on victim's system, ex: PDF file executes malicious
program - ANS-Exploit
(ESTABLISH BEACHHEAD AT THE VICTIM)
installing malware on the asset, ex: RAT installs on machine(s) - ANS-Installation
(REMOTELY CONTROL THE IMPLANTS)
creates an outbound connection to attacker machine to allow hackers to remotely control
machine(s) - ANS-Command and Control
(ACHIEVE THE MISSION'S GOAL)
with 'Hands on Keyboard' access, intruders accomplish their original goals, ex: lateral
movement to domain controller - ANS-Actions on Objectives
linked to courses of action - ANS-the cyber kill chain can provide powerful actionable
intelligence when _
particular measures that can be used for particular stages of an attack - ANS-courses of action
identify _
, 1. Detect,
2. Deny,
3. Disrupt,
4. Degrade,
5. Deceive,
6. Destroy - ANS-6 potential cyber kill chain courses of action
-planning phase
-research to understand which targets will enable them to meet their objectives -
ANS-Reconnaissance: Adversary (description)
1. harvest email addresses
2. identify employees on social media networks
3. collect press releases, contract awards, conference attendee lists
4. discover internet-facing servers - ANS-Reconnaissance: Adversary (4 actions)
-detecting reconnaissance as it happens can be very difficult
-discovering recon (even well after the fact) can reveal the adversaries' intent -
ANS-Reconnaissance: Defender (description)
1. Collect website visitor logs for alerting and historical searching
2. Collaborate with web admins to utilize their existing browser analytics
3. Build detections for browsing behaviors unique to recon
4. Prioritize defenses around particular technologies for people based on recon activity -
ANS-Reconnaissance: Defender (4 actions)
-prep and staging phase
-likely use automated tools for malware generation
-a weaponizer couples malware and exploit into a deliverable payload - ANS-Weaponization:
Adversary (description)
1. Obtain a weaponizer, either in-house or obtain through public or private channels
2. For file-based exploits, select "decoy" document to present to the victim
3. Select backdoor implant and appropriate command and control infrastructure for operation
4. Designate a specific "mission id" and embed in the malware
5. Compile the backdoor and weaponize the payload - ANS-Weaponizer: Adversary (5 actions)
-essential phase for defenders to understand
-though they can't detect weaponization as it happens, they can infer it by analyzing malware
artifacts - ANS-Weaponization: Defender (description)
1. Conduct full malware analysis - not just what payload it drops, but how it was made
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