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DAT General Chemistry Exam Questions Correctly Answered.

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DAT General Chemistry Exam Questions
Correctly Answered.

Atomic Number - CORRECT ANSWER number of protons found in that atom; low number; (Z)

Mass Number - CORRECT ANSWER Protons + Neutrons; high number; (A)

Atomic Mass - CORRECT ANSWER relative mass of that atom compared to the mass of a carbon-12 atom
(which is set at 12.00); measured in amu;

1 amu = - CORRECT ANSWER 1.66x10^-24

Atomic Weight - CORRECT ANSWER weight (g) of one mole (mol) of a given element (g/mol); the
weighted average of all the masses (not the weights) of an element, weighted according to the natural
abundance of the isotopic species of an element

1mol = ______ (Avagadro's Number) - CORRECT ANSWER 6.022x10^23 molecules

Isotope - CORRECT ANSWER multiple species of an atom with same number of protons and a different
number of neutrons (different mass numbers); generally exhibit same chemical properties

Ernest Rutherford - CORRECT ANSWER 1911; gave experimental evidence that an atom has a dense,
positively charged nucleus that accounts for a small portion of the volume of the atom

Max Planck - CORRECT ANSWER developed first quantum theory; 1900; proposed that energy emitted as
electromagnetic radiation from matter comes in discrete bundles called quanta; E=hv (h-Planck's
constant)

Planck's constant - CORRECT ANSWER 6.626x10^-34 J*s

,The Bohr Model of the Atom - CORRECT ANSWER developed 1913 model of H atom using Rutherford
and Planck's findings; H atom has central proton, electron travels around it in a circular orbit; centripetal
force acting on the electron as it revolved around the nucleus was the electrical force between the
positively charged proton and negatively charged electron; quantized angular momentum so it changed
in discrete amounts in relation to the quantum number (L=nh/2pi) n=quantum number h=Planck's
constant; from this Energy of an electron: E=-Rh/n^2, Rh=Rydberg constant 2.18*10^-18 J/electron

Rydberg Constant - CORRECT ANSWER 2.18 x 10^-18 J/electron

Smaller orbit of electron the... - CORRECT ANSWER lower the energy state

What is the Bohr Model used for? - CORRECT ANSWER used to explain the atomic emission spectrum
and atomic absorption spectrum of hydrogen; because these spectrum are not the continuous spectrum
that classical physics would expect, they are line spectrum

Balmer Series - CORRECT ANSWER 4 spectral lines that appear in the visible light region when a
hydrogen atom undergoes a transition from energy levels n>2 to n=2.

Lyman Series - CORRECT ANSWER Set of spectral lines appearing in the UV region when a hydrogen
atom undergoes a transition from energy levels n>1 to n=1.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle - CORRECT ANSWER impossible to determine the momentum and
position of an electron simultaneously; means if the momentum of an electron is being measured
accurately, its position will change and vice-versa

Pauli exclusion principle - CORRECT ANSWER no 2 electrons in any given atom can possess the same set
of four quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms)

Energy state of an electron - CORRECT ANSWER the position and energy of an electron described by its 4
quantum numbers (n, l, ml, ms)

quantum number n - CORRECT ANSWER "principal quantum number"; gives info about the size of the
orbital; bigger n is, the bigger the radius of the orbital, the bigger the energy of the orbital; Max number
of electrons in an energy level = 2n^2

, quantum number l - CORRECT ANSWER "Azimuthal (angular momentum) quantum number"; gives info
about the shape of the orbital; value of l = 0 to n-1 ; l=0=s; l =1=p; l=2=d; l=3=f; Max number of electrons
that can exist in a subshell= 4l +2; greater the value of l, the higher the energy of the subshell, but
subshell energies from different principal energy levels may overlap

quantum number ml - CORRECT ANSWER "Magnetic Quantum number"; gives info about the orientation
of an orbital; value of ml = l to -l (includes 0);

quantum number ms - CORRECT ANSWER "Spin Quantum number"; there are two spin orientations:
+1/2 and -1/2; whenever electrons are in the same orbital they must have opposite spins

List the Order the Energy Levels Fill - CORRECT ANSWER Rule: n+l, and if that is the same number, then
the one with the lower n will fill first; 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s,3p,4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f...etc

Hund's rule - CORRECT ANSWER dictates which orbitals within a subshell fill first; within a given subshell,
orbitals are filled so that there is a maximum number of half-filled orbitals with parallel spins

Paramagnetic - CORRECT ANSWER material has unpaired electrons, magnetic field aligns the spins of
these electrons and weakly attracts the atom

Diamagnetic - CORRECT ANSWER materials have no unpaired electrons and are slightly repelled by a
magnetic field

Which are the valence electrons for groups IA and IIA? - CORRECT ANSWER the outermost s electrons

Which are the valence electrons for groups IIIA through VIIIA (remaining column on right, excluding
weird middle metals)? - CORRECT ANSWER the outermost s and p electrons

Which are the valence electrons for the transition elements? - CORRECT ANSWER the outermost s
electrons and the second to outermost d shell

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