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EPPP Assessment Guaranteed Success Psychological Assessment - The process of using psychological tests, clinical interviews, behavioral observations, and other assessment tools to gather data on an individual's cognitive, social, and behavioral functioning for the purpose of: - Description - ...

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  • August 15, 2024
  • 24
  • 2024/2025
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EPPP Assessment Guaranteed Success


Psychological Assessment

- The process of using psychological tests, clinical interviews, behavioral observations, and other
assessment tools to gather data on an individual's cognitive, social, and behavioral functioning for the
purpose of:

- Description

- Classification

- Prediction

- Intervention



Examiner Qualifications

- Level A: Can be administered and interpreted by a non-psychologist.

- Level B: Requires some technical knowledge of test construction and the completion of supporting
educational and psychological subjects.

- Level C: Should be administered only by individuals with at least an MA in psychology and at least one
year of supervised experience under a psychologist.



Reliability vs Validity

- Reliability: Degree to which test scores are free from the effects of measurement error.

- Validity: Degree to which a test measures what it was designed to measure.



Standardization

- The conditions for administering the test (responses, apparatus, scoring) are fixed.

- Standard conditions are used to establish norms; discrepancies between examinees and norm groups
can make results less valid.



Types of Scoring

- Norm-Referenced: Comparison between an examinee's scores and norm group scores (e.g., percentile
ranks, standard scores).

,- Criterion-Referenced: Scores based on what the examinee knows regarding clearly defined content
(e.g., percent correct).

- Self-Referenced: Intra-individual comparisons of scores, indicating relative strengths or weaknesses.



Behavioral Assessment

- Focuses on specific overt and covert behaviors, may use:

- Behavioral interviews

- Observation

- Cognitive assessment

- Psychophysiological measures

- Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA): Identifies the purpose of a behavior through antecedents and
consequences.



Dynamic Assessment

- An interactive approach with deviations from standardized procedures to gather additional
information about the examinee.

- Techniques include:

- Testing the Limits: Providing additional cues or feedback after standardized tests.

- Graduated Prompting: Offering a series of graduated verbal prompts.

- Test-Teach-Retest: Following an initial assessment with interventions and re-assessing.



Computer-Assisted Assessment

- Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT): Adapts the test based on prior answers, improving precision and
reducing testing time.

- Computer-based interpretations should complement, not replace, clinical judgment.



Actuarial vs Clinical Predictions

- Actuarial: Statistical methods based on empirically validated relationships between test results and
criteria.

- Clinical: Based on intuition, experience, and knowledge.

, - Research shows that actuarial methods are more accurate than clinical judgment alone.



Assessing Children

- Interviews can yield reliable and valid data from children as young as 6.

- Techniques to establish rapport include descriptive statements, reflections, open-ended questions,
labeled praise, and minimizing critical or leading questions.



Assessing Members of Culturally Diverse Populations

- Considerations include:

- Acculturation and identity

- Language proficiency

- Availability of appropriate norms

- Cultural equivalence of test content

- No tests are truly culture-fair or culture-free.

- Research shows no consistent effect of race, ethnicity, or culture on examiner-examinee dynamics.



Self-Report

- Advantages: Quick and low-cost data collection.

- Disadvantages: Generally lower reliability and validity compared to other methods.



Multi-Informant Report

- Advantages: Provides comprehensive information about the client.

- Disadvantages: May lead to inconsistencies in reports across different informants.



Psychophysiological Measures

- Used to observe physiological functions linked to emotional states.

- Advantages: Analyzes momentary experiences without interfering.

- Disadvantages: Can be costly, and not all experiences may carry significance.

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