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EPPP-Psychopharmacology All Answers Correct

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EPPP-Psychopharmacology All Answers Correct Depression Types - Endogenous Depression: Depression with genetic or biological causes. - Exogenous Depression: Depression due to external causes (e.g., life events). Antidepressants - Norpramin: Falls under the category of Tricyclic antidepressants (...

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  • August 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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EPPP-Psychopharmacology All Answers Correct


Depression Types

- Endogenous Depression: Depression with genetic or biological causes.

- Exogenous Depression: Depression due to external causes (e.g., life events).



Antidepressants

- Norpramin: Falls under the category of Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).

- Tofranil (Imipramine): Used to treat enuresis in children over six years old.

- Generic Name for Effexor: Venlafaxine.

- Common Older Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Marplan, Nardil, Parnate.

- Clomipramine: Falls under the category of Tricyclics (TCAs).



Foods Related to MAOIs

- Foods to Avoid with MAOIs: Aged cheeses (aged cheese is a significant source of tyramine).

- Tyramine: A substance that can cause hypertensive crises when ingested with MAOIs.

- Hypertensive Crisis: Can occur if certain foods (like aged cheeses or soy sauce) are ingested while
taking MAOIs.



Side Effects of Medications

- Common Side Effects of TCAs:

- Cardiovascular side effects.

- Anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth, constipation).

- Sedation, fatigue, and weight gain.

- Fine tremors, paresthesia, and blood dyscrasia.



- Common Side Effects of SSRIs:

- Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, appetite loss).

- Insomnia, anxiety, tremors, and frequent urination.

, - Sexual dysfunction.



- Common Side Effects of MAOIs:

- Insomnia, weight gain, dizziness, headache, and nausea.

- Anticholinergic effects similar to those noted above.



Drug Interactions and Overdose

- Hypertensive Crisis Symptoms: Intracranial bleeding, tachycardia, headache, shortness of breath,
severe anxiety.

- TCAs Overdose Symptoms: Ataxia, impaired concentration, agitation, severe hypotension, fever,
cardiac arrhythmias, delirium, seizures, and coma.

- Cardiotoxic Symptoms: Tachycardia, palpitations, severe hypotension (rapid BP drop), and cardiac
arrhythmia.



Mechanism of Action

- Agonists: Produce effects similar to those of natural neurotransmitters.

- Antagonists: Block or reduce the effects of neurotransmitters on their receptors without producing any
activity on their own.

- Inverse Agonists: Produce effects similar to natural neurotransmitters but are less potent.



Miscellaneous

- Paxil (paroxetine): Advantage over Prozac (fluoxetine) is that it causes less anxiety and anorexia.

- First Medication Used for Treating Depression: Tofranil.

- EPS (Extrapyramidal Symptoms) from SSRIs: Can include akathisia and parkinsonism.

- Steak: A meat that can usually be consumed without concerns regarding tyramine when taking MAOIs.



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