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EPPP Social and Cultural Bases of Behavior Graded A+
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EPPP Social and Cultural Bases of Behavior Graded A+ Schemas and Models - Schemas: Organized patterns of thought and behavior that influence attention, perception, and absorption of new information; serve as templates for understanding experiences. - Prototypical Model: A model that represents ...

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  • August 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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EPPP Social and Cultural Bases of Behavior Graded A+


Schemas and Models

- Schemas: Organized patterns of thought and behavior that influence attention, perception, and
absorption of new information; serve as templates for understanding experiences.

- Prototypical Model: A model that represents a category through an ideal or "prototype" example.

- Exemplar Model: A model that categorizes based on specific and concrete examples, often
representing extreme cases within the category.



Attribution Theories

- Dispositional Attribution: Attributing behavior to personal characteristics or traits.

- Situational Attribution: Attributing behavior to elements of the situation or context.

- Fundamental Attribution Error: The tendency to overestimate dispositional factors and underestimate
situational factors when explaining others' behaviors.

- Correspondent Inference Theory: The process of inferring the causes of others' behavior based on their
actions.

- Covariation Model of Attribution: A logical approach to attribution that identifies similarities across
situations to make causal inferences.

- Consensus Information: How others behave in similar situations.

- Distinctiveness Information: How individuals behave differently across different situations.

- Consistency Information: How frequently individuals respond in the same way to the same stimuli.



Achievement and Control

- Achievement Attribution: Individuals' assessment of their likelihood of achieving goals based on their
emotional responses to situations.

- Locus of Control: The extent to which individuals perceive themselves as having control over events
affecting them.



Biases

- Bias: Unfair prejudice either in favor of or against something.

, - Actor-Observer Effect: The tendency to attribute one's own actions to situational factors while
attributing others' actions to dispositional factors.

- Self-Serving Bias: Attributing personal successes to dispositional factors and failures to situational
factors.

- Cultural Bias: The influence of one's culture on the types of biases they exhibit.



Social Relationships

- Affiliation: The desire to form social relationships and be with others.

- Attraction: A form of affiliation characterized by positive feelings towards another person.



Aggression and Altruism

- Aggression: Behaviors aimed at harming or injuring another individual.

- Deindividuation: The tendency for individuals to act aggressively when they believe their actions are
anonymous.

- Altruism: The motivation to enhance the welfare of another individual without expectation of reward.

- Egoism: Altruistic behaviors aimed at benefiting oneself.

- Collectivism: Altruism focused on benefiting the group.

- Principlism: Acting to uphold a moral principle.



Social Influence

- Social Influence: The impact of others on an individual's attitudes, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

- Compliance: Changing behavior in response to a request for a reward or to avoid punishment.

- Identification: Behavior change to achieve acceptance or identify with another individual.

- Internalization: Acceptance of beliefs or behaviors that are expressed both publicly and privately.

- Conformity: Altering beliefs or behaviors to align with a group or meet expectations.

- Informational Conformity: Accepting information from others as evidence in uncertain situations.

- Normative Conformity: Conforming to positive expectations set by others.

- Peer Pressure: Direct influence exerted by peers.

- Reactance: A response that involves acting contrary to desired outcomes when choices are perceived
as limited.

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