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BIO 446L - The Urinary System Review Questions and Correct Answers
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Urinary system the kidney and its connection to the outside world through the ureter, bladder, and urethra Urinary system functions -filters cellular waste from blood -regulates composition and volume of extracellular fluids -role in managing blood pressure Role in acid/base balance -includ...

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  • August 16, 2024
  • 6
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • bio 446l the urinary system review questions and
  • urinary system the kidney and its connection to
  • urinary system functions filters cellular waste

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BIO 446L - The Urinary System Review
Questions and Correct Answers
Urinary system ✅the kidney and its connection to the outside world through the ureter,
bladder, and urethra

Urinary system functions ✅-filters cellular waste from blood
-regulates composition and volume of extracellular fluids
-role in managing blood pressure
Role in acid/base balance
-includes paired kidneys and ureters and unpaired blafder and urethra

Location of the kidney ✅retroperitoneal, posterior abdomen, at the lower edge of the
ribcage; lower hald is not convered by ribs and therefore is more susceptible to trauma

Cortex of the kidneys ✅outer portion; made of blood vessels, renal corpuscles (1
million in each kidney)

Medulla of the kidneys ✅inner portion; have pyramids defined by the renal papilla and
renal columns that separate the pyramids

Pyramids ✅where the action of the kidneys occurs; located in the medulla; defined at
the end by the renal papilla

Renal papilla ✅an opening where urine leaves the kidney after draining into the minor
calyx

Major calyx ✅the combination of many minor calyces

Renal columns ✅separates the pyramids in the medulla; blood vessels run through

Renal lobe ✅one pyramid and the cortical tissue associated with it; each one drains
into the renal pelvis

Renal pelvis ✅divided into areas; what all the calyces drain intol how urine exists the
kidney through the ureter

Nephron ✅functional unit of the kidney; filters blood, reabsorbs, and secretes filtered
material; consists of a renal corpuscle and a tubule system which interact with
surrounding blood vessels

Two types of nephrons ✅cortical and juxtamedullary

, Cortical nephrons ✅the nephrons are primarily in the cortex; the tubular system
extends into the medulla; most nephrons

Juxtramedullary nephrons ✅nephrons are right near the border of the cortex and
medulla; tubular system runs all the way down to the bottom of the pyramid

Renal portal system ✅-renal artery
-up arteries of kidneys to tops of the pyramid
-afferent arterioles
-glomerulus
-efferent arteriole
-peritubular system or vasa recta

Renal artery ✅how the blood flows into the kidney and travels up arteries in kidneys
across the tops of the pyramid

Afferent arterioles ✅where blood enters to flow into the corpuscles

Glomerulus ✅a tuft of capillaries that filters blood; where blood enters through the
afferent arterioles

Efferent arteriole ✅how blood leaves the glomerulus to enter one of 2 venous systems,
where the second capillaries are location

Peritubular ✅a 2nd capillary system of the renal portal system; right around the
glomerulus; surrounds all the convoluted tubules near the corpuscle

Vasa recta ✅-a 2nd capillary system of the renal portal system
-the deep, descending loop of the nephron which goes deep into the medulla
-capillaries where sodium ions enter when leaving the nephron tubes

Renal corpuscle ✅includes the glomerulus and the bowman's capsule in the kidney

Bowman's capsule ✅a fibrous capsule; a double layer simple squamous epithelial cup
around the glomerulus

Capsular space ✅space around the capillaries where urine is collected; urine exits
here through the ductal system of the nephron

Podocytes ✅specialized cells in the visceral layer of the capsule; filter the blood of the
fenestrated capillaries to control what leaves the blood vessel as urine and what doesn't

Glomerular filtration ✅large particularly anionic proteins are restricted

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