100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
BIOL 446 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Correct Answers CA$18.75   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. BIO 446
  4.  
  5. BIO 446

Exam (elaborations)

BIOL 446 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
 12 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • BIO 446
  • Institution
  • BIO 446

What is physiology? Study of how organisms, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical or physical functions in an organism What is ecology? A holistic way of viewing nature in order to comprehend how those tangled ecosystems work by following and studying connections between all livin...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 30  pages

Document information

  • August 16, 2024
  • 30
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • biol 446 exam 1 practice questions and correct ans
  • what is physiology study of how organisms organ
  • what is ecology a holistic way of viewing nature

Written for

  • BIO 446
  • BIO 446

Seller

avatar-seller
twishfrancis

Reviews received

Content preview

BIOL 446 Exam 1 Practice Questions and
Correct Answers
What is physiology? ✅Study of how organisms, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry
out the chemical or physical functions in an organism

What is ecology? ✅A holistic way of viewing nature in order to comprehend how those
tangled ecosystems work by following and studying connections between all living and
non living things

Physiological ecology? ✅How organisms function in their environment

Dynamic process: evolution is ongoing

Natural selection (benefit)? ✅a process whereby an individual organism experiences
random mutations or other genetic changes in their genome

If these genetic changes are beneficial in a particular environment, the individual
organism will be more likely to survive and reproduce, creating more individuals with
that genotype.

Evolution? ✅the historical change in genetic allele frequency in a population of
organisms

the overall narrative of the natural selection process because it does not apply to one
specific individual organism

It involves a change in the genetic composition of a POPULATION of individual
organisms over a period of time that includes many generations of individuals

Allele? ✅one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are
found at the same place on a chromosome

Natural selection acts on ____________, but only_____________ evolve.
✅individuals; populations

Genotype? ✅constitution of parts or all of an organism's genetic material (usually DNA
but in the case of RNA viruses, RNA instead) passed down by its parents

Phenotype?
Example? ✅any morphological (how an organism looks), developmental, biochemical
or physiological (how it works) property all the way down to the subcellular level

,(including epigenetic marks), as well as any of the individual's behavior (how it acts) and
products of behavior

*** includes traits or characteristics that can be made visible by some technical
procedure

Bacteria change phenotype in real time

Phenome? ✅sum total of phenotypic traits

multiple ________ interact with multiple ________ to produce the phenotype.
✅Genes; environmental variables

(e.g., abiotic factors, culture, symbionts, other biotic factors)

Adaptation?
What does it infer? ✅process of temporary phenotypic adjustment within individuals

**Used to describe an evolutionary process

infers that evolutionary processes acting on HERITABLE genetic or epigenetic variation
bring about an increasingly good fit between organism and environment

Adaptation describes a ________________ change.
Examples? ✅non-heritable change

(although the ability to make such a change is usually heritable!!!)

i) Over the summer, trout become adapted to higher water temperatures
ii) Density-dependent phase polymorphism in the velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia
gemmatalis)

Adaptive trait? ✅Distinct variant of a phenotype that enhances fitness

Distinct variant that arose historically as a result of natural selection for its current
biological role
i) Historically: fitness effect that must have been working in the past
ii) Natural selection: the process that determines fitness; not a random process like
genetic drift

Acclimation?
An example of? ✅something that occurs only within the individual organism in
response to a current change in the environment (ability to acclimate is an adaptation)

Caterpillars

, Biological fitness? ✅Relative genetic contribution of an individual to the gene pool of
the next generation(s)

What is not a human phenotype that enhances fitness? ✅Wisdom teeth

Biological adaptation? ✅Distinct variant of a phenotype that arose historically via
natural selection to enhance fitness of an organism in its current environment

What did Gould and Lewontin argue?
Take home message? ✅that some traits do not appear to be adaptive, that is, they
appear to have a neutral or even deleterious effect on fitness in the current environment

not all organismal features are likely to be adaptations (e.g., not all traits may be
functional).

What is a biological spandrel? ✅a phenotypic characteristic that is a byproduct of the
evolution of some other characteristic, rather than a direct product of adaptive selection

Six approaches for studying adaptation: determining if a trait is a spandrel? ✅1. Clinal
variation
2. Reciprocal transplant experiments
3. Mapping traits onto a phylogeny
4. Determining the correlation between genetic
and environmental change
5. Transgene experiments
6. Functional effects of variants

Clinal Variation approach to studying adaptation?
Case studies? Explain. ✅Occurs when traits or allele frequencies are repeatedly
correlated with latitude or other spatial change in an environmental variable

Clinal Variation in Drosophila ADH: the electrophoretically Fast/Slow alcohol
dehydrogenase (ADH) allozyme polymorphism
- Hypothesis of molecular adaptation: changes in the amino acid sequence of the ADH
protein in D. melanogaster increased the catalytic activity of the enzyme and thereby
contributed to the adaptation of the species to its ethanol-rich ecological niche
- Different AA sequences
- fast allele faster in electrophoresis and faster metabolism (but no big variation in
ethanol resistance, doesn't contribute much to fitness → ** there must be other genes
involved rather than just one)
-as T inc, S allele is more stable/works better at higher T, AA content allows it to fold to
greater stability
- Ectotherms are more dependent on this concept
CONCLUSION on the role of positive molecular adaptation of ADH in ethanol tolerance
in D. melanogaster :

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$18.75. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$18.75
  • (0)
  Add to cart