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Summary Muscular System NOTES
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Two pages of notes on the muscular system including labelled diagrams.
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Muscular System→ There are 600 muscles in the body.
→ The muscular system works with the skeletal system to create movement.
↳ Musculoskeletal system.
→ Muscles make up ~40% of our total weight & is the hardest-working muscle in the body.
FUNCTIONS:
→ Produce movement: → Almost all movement by the human body results from muscle contraction.
→ Maintain posture: → Muscles lend support to the body and help it maintain posture against the force of gravity.
↳ Even when the body is at rest (or asleep), muscle fibres are contracting to maintain muscle tone.
→ Generate heat: → Any activity by muscles generates heat as a by-product, which is vital in maintaining normal body temperature.
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE:
→ Skeletal muscle: → The skeletal muscle makes up ~40% of an adults body weight.
→ Most skeletal muscle contractions are automatic & controlled by the nervous system. However, the action of the skeletal muscles
can be controlled (voluntary muscle).
↳ The skeletal muscles are composed of long muscle fibres & has stripe-like markings, or striations.
→ Cardiac muscle: → Is the tissue that makes up the wall of the heart called the Myocardium.
→ Unlike the skeletal muscles, the cardiac muscle is attached together instead of being attached to a bone.
→ Cardiac muscle is striated and contracts through the sliding filament method.
↳ However, it is different from other types of muscles because it forms branching fibres.
Skeletal. Cardiac. Smooth.
→ Smooth muscle: → Smooth muscles make up much of our internal organs.
→ Controlled by the nervous system & hormones.
→ The smooth muscle cannot be consciously controlled which is why they are classified as involuntary muscles.
↳ Found in the urinary bladder, gallbladder, arteries & veins, as well as the digestive tract.
VOLUNTARY VS INVOLUNTARY:
→ Voluntary muscle: → Muscles that are under conscious control and can be controlled at will (skeletal muscles).
→ Involuntary muscle: → Muscles that cannot be controlled by will or conscious (smooth muscles & cardiac muscle tissue).
ANTERIOR MUSCLES: ·
Sternocleidomastoid.
→ Sternocleidomastoid: → Muscle that pops up when the neck is rotated. ·
Deltoids.
→ Pectorals: → Chest muscles, minor & major. Pectorals. "
→ Biceps: → “The Guns”, located on the anterior arm. Abdominals. ·
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Biceps.
→ Deltoids: → The shoulder pad.
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Forearm flexors.
→ Abdominals: → A group of muscles in the ab region.
→ Quadriceps: → Large anterior thigh muscle made up of 4 individual muscles.
Quadriceps. -
→ Forearm flexors: → A group of smaller muscles that flex the wrist & fingers.
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