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Test Bank - Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8th and 9th Edition by Johnson, All Chapters
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Test Bank - Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8th and 9th Edition by Johnson, All Chapters

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  • August 16, 2024
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  • test bank human biology concepts and current
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Test Bank - Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8th
and 9th Edition by Johnson, All Chapters


Define science - ANSWER: The study of the natural (physical) world

Define biology - ANSWER: The study of living organisms in the natural world

What is the scientific method? - ANSWER: Observation, hypothesis, test, results

When do experimental results become general knowledge? - ANSWER: After being published in a
scientific journal

What are the properties of living things? - ANSWER: cells, reproduction, energy utilization,
evolutionary adaptation and homeostasis

What is Cell Theory? - ANSWER: Cells are the smallest unit of life and replicates

What are some parts of a cell? - ANSWER: nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria, cell membrane,
golgi bodies

What is a scientific theory? - ANSWER: An idea supported by many hypotheses from different
practices/multiple disciplines

What is pseudo-science? - ANSWER: A system of theories erroneously regarded as science

Who was Robert Hooke? - ANSWER: In 1635, Robert Hooke put cork (made from a tree) underneath a
microscope and discovered plant cells

Who was Anton van Leeuwenhoek? - ANSWER: In 1674. Anton V. L. coined the term "animalcules"

What is energy utilization? - ANSWER: The metabolic system - organisms take energy to do work

What is response to environment? - ANSWER: When individuals respond to stimuli

What is evolutionary adaptation? - ANSWER: When organisms adapt to their environment

What is homeostasis? - ANSWER: A regulatory mechanism to maintain a stable internal environment

What are the 4 macromolecules in all living things? - ANSWER: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and
nucleic acids

What are carbohydrates? - ANSWER: Sugars - energy and structure (ex. glucose, C6H12O6, preferred
for ATP)

What are proteins? - ANSWER: Proteins are structural, links of amino acids held together by peptide
bonds

What are lipids? - ANSWER: Storage, insulation (ex. fats, steroids or phospholipids which makes up
the cell membrane)

What are nucleic acids? - ANSWER: Store information - long string of nucleotides (ex. DNA -
deoxyribonucleic acid)

What does "Amin" in "amino acid" refer to? - ANSWER: Nitrogen

, How many different amino acids do humans have? - ANSWER: 20 (like the limited letters in the
alphabet make many words)

What is fat made up of? - ANSWER: glycerol head and hydrocarbons (fatty acid tails)

What does organic mean? - ANSWER: carbon based

What does life require? - ANSWER: Liquid water, stable temperature, atmosphere (O2 and ozone
layer)

Why does life require liquid water? - ANSWER: Holds cells together - plasma member

How old is the Mars rock? - ANSWER: about 13,000 years ago

What are some of the characteristics of Mars that suggests life? - ANSWER: fossils, minerals
associated with life and other complex chemicals

What are the 5 possibilities of life on Mars? - ANSWER: 1) Mars never had life 2) Mars had life early on
but it died out 3) Mars had early life, still persists in mostly dormant form beneath the surface 4) Mars
didn't have life until Earth seeded it, naturally (meteor impact) 5) Mars was introduced to the
microbes on space programs spreading Earth-based life

What are extremophiles? - ANSWER: Organisms that adapt to live in extreme conditions

What element could life on Mars have been based on if it wasn't carbon? - ANSWER: Silicon

What is the big picture of DNA as a blueprint for life? - ANSWER: The unique complement of DNA is
the instructions for unique sets of proteins which are the reasons behind unique appearance and
behavior

How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell? - ANSWER: 23 pairs...46 total

What is a karyotype? - ANSWER: The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell
nuclei of an organism or species. (unique to each chromosome)

What is a homologous chromosome? - ANSWER: Same chromosome but from two difference sources
(mama y papa)

Genes code for_____ - ANSWER: specific proteins

What are the 4 nucleotides? - ANSWER: ATGC - Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine

Who discovered the structure of DNA? - ANSWER: In the 1950s, Watson, Crick, Wilkins and Franklin
discovered the structure of DNA

What kind of sugars are the sugar-phosphate "handrails" of DNA made of? - ANSWER: Ribose

A protein is a ____ of amino acids. - ANSWER: Polymer

Why is DNA shaped like a ladder? - ANSWER: It provides a linear sequence

How many carbons does ribose have? - ANSWER: 5 carbons

How many different proteins do humans have? - ANSWER: Over 1 million different types of proteins

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