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PSIO 303 Exam 3/Final Questions With Correct Solutions, Already Passed!!
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How does Skeletal muscle aid in glucoregulation - - 40% of body mass - responsible for peripheral disposal of glucose in response to oral glucose/meals - glucose transport into muscle via myocytes = highly regulated process stimulated by insulin or contractions - Glucose molecules transported c...

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  • August 17, 2024
  • 15
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • psio 303

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  • PSIO 303
  • PSIO 303

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PSIO 303 Exam 3/Final
How does Skeletal muscle aid in glucoregulation - - 40% of body mass

- responsible for peripheral disposal of glucose in response to oral glucose/meals

- glucose transport into muscle via myocytes = highly regulated process stimulated by insulin or
contractions

- Glucose molecules transported can be stored as glycogen or oxidized to make ATP



Insulin Resistance - Normal or elevated insulin levels don't elicit the expected biological response
in the organism or tissue



What are the core components of metabolic syndrome? - 1. Visceral or central obesity

2. Insulin resistance

3. Hyperinsulinemia

4. Glucose intolerance

5. Dyslipdemia

6. Essential hypertension



Visceral/Central obesity is associated with what parts of metabolic syndrome? - Insulin resistance
(due to excess FFA's and other adipokines produced)and hyperinsulinemia



Are underweight conditions associated with metabolic syndrome? - Yes



What is the primary site of glucose disposal? - Skeletal muscle



Hyperinsulinemia - An increase in insulin secretion is brought about in order to compensate for
the insulin resistant state and to keep blood glucose as close to normal as possible. Results in
hyperglycemia



Glucose intolerance - Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

, Dyslipidemia - Derangement of the circulating levels of specific lipids (decrease HDL, increase LDL)



Essential Hypertension - Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia cause alterncations that cause an
increase in blood volume and total peripheral resistance that results in hypertension



Normal glucoregulation - the ability of an organism to respond appropriately to interventions that
cause circulating glucose levels to deviate from set-point



What 5 organs are involved in whole body glucose homeostasis? - 1. Skeletal muscle

2. Liver

3. Pancreas

4. Adipose Tissue

5. Hypothalamus



How does the Liver aid in glucoregulation? - - Site of glucose disposal from hepatic portal
circulation and from general circulation

- Critical site of glucose production (mediate by breakdown of glycogen stores and synthesis of new
glucose from precursor molecules)

- Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (HGP) are under control by hormonal factors (glucagon and
insulin) in accordance to blood glucose level



What is HGP mediated by? - 1. Breakdown of glycogen stored in liver (glycogenolysi)

2. Synthesis of new glucose molecules (gluconeogenesis)



How does the Pancreas aid in glucoregulation? - - Exocrine and endocrine aspects (endocrine
consists of different cel types = critical for normal glucoregulation (alpha and beta cells)

- beta cells: synthesize and secrete insulin (has effect on glucose transport and storage in cells)

- alpha cells: synthesize and secrete glucagon (critical effects on HGP)

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