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Bio 181 Final Exam Study Guide (nau) Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct. CA$11.47   Add to cart
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Bio 181 Final Exam Study Guide (nau) Questions and Answers well Explained Latest 2024/2025 Update 100% Correct.
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homologous chromosomes - pairs (one from each parent) that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location. sister chromatids - pieces of identical dna Cell Theory - 1. all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells. 2. cells are the smallest units of life. 3. cell division...

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  • August 17, 2024
  • 8
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • bio 181

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  • Bio 181

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Bio 181 Final Exam Study Guide (nau)
homologous chromosomes - pairs (one from each parent) that are similar in length, gene position,
and centromere location.



sister chromatids - pieces of identical dna



Cell Theory - 1. all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells.

2. cells are the smallest units of life.

3. cell division produces new cells.



Eukaryotic - (true nucleus)

>protists, fungi, plants animals

>plasma membrane

>membrane bound organelles

>multi-cellular



Prokaryotic - (no cell nucleus)

>plasma membrane

>double layer of phospholipids and proteins.

>bacteria and archaea




compartmentalization - formation of cellular compartments.



smaller cells (SA/V) - more surface area per volume



large cells (SA/V) - less surface are per volume, more room for metabolism, surface area limits
rate of exchange.

, catabolism - break down of large molecules into small molecules with the release of energy.



anabolism - small molecules ----> large molecules

(needs energy)



*microtubli - >largest (25 nm)

>2 subunits form a strand

>13 strands form a hollow tube

>constantly changing in length adding and removing tubulin at both ends

>supports cell shape

>organizes the whole cytoplasm

>intracellular movement

>cell mobility (flagella & cilia)



intermediate filament - >medium (10 nm)

>protein: various

>strong rope-like structure (twisted)

>provides structure (not dynamic)

>often works with microtubules

>cell shape

>anchorage of cell/nuclear membranes



actin filament - >smallest (6-8 nm)

>long spiral chains

>near plasma membrane

> cell shape and strength

> muscle contraction

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