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BIO 446L Exam #4 Study Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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The initial signal to initiate a contraction of the heart is located in the sinoatrial (SA) node The first branches off the aorta are the coronary arteries The heart valve that prevents backflow into the right ventricle is a: semilunar valve Which of the following vessels of the same diameter ha...

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  • August 17, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • bio 446l exam 4 study questions and 100 correct
  • the initial signal to initiate a contraction of th
  • the first branches off the aorta are the coronary

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BIO 446L Exam #4 Study Questions and
100% Correct Answers
The initial signal to initiate a contraction of the heart is located in the ✅sinoatrial (SA)
node

The first branches off the aorta are the ✅coronary arteries

The heart valve that prevents backflow into the right ventricle is a: ✅semilunar valve

Which of the following vessels of the same diameter has a thicker tunica media?
✅artery

Which of the following is an example of a granulocyte? ✅eosinophil

Blood in a prenate, flows from the placenta to the liver in the: ✅umbilical vein

The thymus is the location of: ✅T cell maturation and selection

Which of the following is an example of a Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?
✅palatine tonsil

Which of the following is an antigen-presenting cell? ✅macrophage

The epithelium that lines the esophagus is best classified as ✅stratified squamous

Plicae circulares are found in the ✅small intestine

The submucosal plexus is active due to stimulation from which nerve? ✅vagus nerve

External/Anterior View of the Heart ✅- Apex on the left points downwards
- Visible right and left ventricles where the right is more anterior
- Left atrium shows the pulmonary artery

external/posterior view of the heart ✅- Vena cavae more easily visible
- Visible pulmonary arteries and veins
- Coronary sinus visible (collects venous blood of the heart)

Right atrium ✅- Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
- Features → auricle, crista terminalis, musculi pectinati, fossa ovalis, tricuspid valves
- thinner ventricular walls than left atrium

,- receives blood from: superior vena cava, coronary sinus, and inferior vena cava
- sends blood to: right ventricle
- flows through right AV valve

crista terminalis of right atrium ✅origin of the SA node; smooth muscle

right ventricle ✅pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- has pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve
- receives blood from: right atrium
- sends blood to: pulmonary trunk
- flows through pulmonary SL valve

left atrium ✅receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
- thicker ventricular walls because it pumps blood to the rest of the body
- receives blood from: pulmonary veins
- sends blood to: left ventricle
- flows through left AV valve

left ventricle ✅pumps oxygenated blood to the body
- receives blood from: left atrium
- sends blood to: ascending aorta
- flows through aortic SL valve

actions of the heart that occur during one beat ✅cardiac diastole --> atrial systole -->
ventricular systole

cardiac diastole ✅AV valves open, SL valves closed
- chambers are relaxed and filling passively

atrial systole ✅atria contract leading to ventricular filling

ventricular systole ✅contraction of ventricles
- blood is ejected into both the pulmonary artery and aorta

systemic circulation ✅blood brings nutrients and removes wastes in tissues throughout
the body; occurs in the left side of the heart
- Artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → vein

pulmonary circulation ✅Circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs
- blood is oxygenated in the lungs; right side of the heart

azygous vein ✅single vein that drains the chest wall and adjacent structures
- provides possible anastomosis between superior and inferior vena cavae on posterior
side
- Receives venous drainage of body wall and empties into superior vena cava

, filling valves ✅allow blood to pass through to fill ventricles; cuspid valves/
atrioventricular valves
- right (tricuspid) and left (mitral, bicuspid) atrioventricular valves
- lie Between atria and ventricles

tricuspid valve ✅valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
- aka right atrioventricular valve
- include chordae tendinae and papillary muscle

papillary muscle ✅prevents cusps of right AV valve from being pushed into Right
atrium

ejecting valves ✅ejecting blood from heart and preventing backflow; semilunar valves
- pulmonary and aortic valves
- in the arteries exiting the heart

pulmonary valve ✅valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery
- pumps blood out of the heart to the lungs

bicuspid valve ✅valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
- aka left AV valve or mitral valve

aortic valve ✅heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

diastole ✅Relaxation of the heart; closed pulmonary (semilunar valves), open
tricuspid/mitral valves; letting blood IN

systole ✅Contraction of the heart; open pulmonary valves, pumping blood OUT,
closed mitral/tricuspid valves

Pathway of blood flow through the heart and circulatory system ✅systemic veins -->
superior and inferior venae cavae --> right atrium --> right AV valve --> right ventricle -->
pulmonary SL valve --> pulmonary trunk and arteries --> gas exchange in the lungs -->
pulmonary veins --> left atrium --> left AV valve --> left ventricle --> aortic SL valve -->
aorta --> systemic arteries --> gas and nutrient exchange in peripheral tissues -->
systemic veins

What are the three great vessels originating on the arch of the aorta and what do they
supply? ✅1. Brachiocephalic trunk → supplies the head and right upper limb
2. Left Common Carotid artery → supplies head and neck
3. Left Subclavian artery → supplies the head and left upper limb

blood supply to the heart ✅coronary arteries

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