Exam (elaborations)
Module 2 Transcription, Translation, DNA and Genetic Code (weeks 6 + 7).
- Course
- Institution
Module 2 Transcription, Translation, DNA and Genetic Code (weeks 6 + 7).
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
BRAINBOOSTERS
Reviews received
Content preview
Module 2:Transcription,
Translation, DNA
and Genetic
Code (weeks 6 +
7)
Chromosomal theory of inheritance - answer The theory
stating that hereditary traits are carried on chromosomes
(phenotypes are controlled by genes on chromosomes)
True. Bacteria (prokaryotes) carry their genetic material
as a single circular chromosome, without it being enclosed
by a nuclear membrane - answer True or False. Bacteria do
not have nuclei.
Smooth (S) and rough (R)
- smooth is wildtype
,- rough is mutant - answer 2 forms/strains of
Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumonia disease)
Smooth (wildtype) - answer Which of the 2 strains of
Streptococcus pneumonia is virulent? (Causes disease
readily)
Frederick Griffith - answer Discovered transformation in
pneumonia-causing bacteria (streptococcus pneumoniae)
by injecting this into mice
The ability of a substance to change the genetic
characteristics of a cell - answer What is the process of
transformation?
Griffith injected streptococcus pneumoniae into mice in
different forms. He found that injecting the live S
(smooth) form resulted in death of the mice and the
bacteria surviving. If he injected live R (rough) form, the
mice lives, but no bacteria recovered/survived (the
immune system cleared it up). This was also the same
result if he injected heat-killed S. However, injecting a
MIXTURE of R and heat-killed S resulted in the mice dying
and both forms of bacteria surviving. This was very
unexpected because individually, these bacteria did not
survive, and although the S form that was injected was
heat-killed, live S forms were recovered! The fact that live
R and dead S could produce live S trains suggests the
process of transformation, where this mixture allowed the
genetic characteristics of a cell to be changed. - answer
Explain exactly how Griffith discovered transformation in
his mice experiments with streptococcus pneumoniae
, Oswald Avery (with MacLeod and McCarty) - answer
scientist who discovered what the transforming factor was
in bacteria (DNA)
We know from the Griffith Experiments that if live R is
combined with heat-killed S, live S will result from it.
Avery wanted to know what component was responsible
for this transformation, so he combined this mixture with
various components to see what component would destroy
the heat-killed S, which would be the component that
causes transformation. A combination with protease that
would destroy proteins still showed live S, so proteins
could not be the transforming principle. A combination
with ribonuclease that would destroy RNA still showed live
S, so RNA could not be the transforming principle.
However, a combination with deoxyribonuclease that
would destroy DNA showed no surviving S, so this
suggests that DNA causes transformation.
Since, without DNA, no live S survived, this indicates that
the only one that could cause transformation was DNA and
that genes were made up of DNA. - answer Explain exactly
how Oswald Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty discovered that
genes were made up of DNA
Hershey and Chase - answer concluded that the genetic
material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.
T2 bacteriophage - answer Very small virus that infects
bacteria and contains about equal amounts of protein and
DNA (nothing else), used by Hershey and Chase to
determine if DNA or proteins were the genetic material by
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller BRAINBOOSTERS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$20.29. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now