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Oceanography Exam 2 || A Verified A+ Pass.
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  • Oceanography
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  • Oceanography

Explain the significance of the hydrogen bond correct answers •Similar to ionic bond but weak •Polarity causes water molecules to form weak (hydrogen) bonds between water molecules •Although the hydrogen bond between molecules is only 5% as strong as the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen (...

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  • August 18, 2024
  • 13
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • explain the significance of the hydrogen bond

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  • Oceanography
  • Oceanography

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Oceanography Exam 2 || A Verified A+ Pass.
Explain the significance of the hydrogen bond correct answers •Similar to ionic bond but weak
•Polarity causes water molecules to form weak (hydrogen) bonds between water molecules
•Although the hydrogen bond between molecules is only 5% as strong as the bonds between
hydrogen and oxygen (covalent bonds), it accounts for many of water's important properties
•The way we see water today is almost a gel because of the hydrogen bonds
Special properties of water (hydrogen bond is behind all these special properties)
•High surface tension
•Tremendous dissolving power
•Highest heat capacity - measure of how easy it is to warm up or cool down a substance. If you
have a high heat capacity, you have to put a lot of energy into doing that. If you have low heat
capacity, a little energy will change the temperature
•High melting and boiling points - temperature of transforming a solid to a liquid and
transforming a liquid to a gas, and reverse
•High heat of fusion and vaporization -
•Density of solid is less than liquid

Explain what heat capacity and latent heat are correct answers heat capacity is the measure of
how easy it is to warm up or cool down a substance. If you have a high heat capacity, you have
to put a lot of energy into doing that. If you have low heat capacity, a little energy will change
the temperature. Latent heat is the energy needed to change state (ice to water, water to vapor)

Explain how the density of pure water changes with temperature and why correct answers gets
denser as it gets colder until four degrees celsius, which is the temperature of maximum density.
below 4 degrees it gets less dense. after it reaches 4 degrees it starts to get less dense in
preparation for freezing - getting into the geometrical shape for ice, which is less dense because
theres so much space between the particles.

Explain how the density of seawater changes with temperature correct answers • Higher the
temperature, the lighter the water, the lower the temperature, the denser the water
• Lower salinity, lower temperature generally but not a linear pattern

Why is the water molecule a 'polar' molecule? correct answers because of shape, negative where
oxygen is sticking out, positive where the two hydrogen molecules are

What is a hydrogen bond, how does it form, why is it important? correct answers • Similar to
ionic bond but weak
• Polarity causes water molecules to form weak (hydrogen) bonds between water molecules
gives water all of its special properties

Describe the unique properties of water (high heat capacity, high melting and boiling points, high
heat of fusion and vaporization, density of solid less than density of liquid). correct answers
Special properties of water (hydrogen bond is behind all these special properties)
•High surface tension
•Tremendous dissolving power

, •Highest heat capacity - measure of how easy it is to warm up or cool down a substance. If you
have a high heat capacity, you have to put a lot of energy into doing that. If you have low heat
capacity, a little energy will change the temperature
•High melting and boiling points - temperature of transforming a solid to a liquid and
transforming a liquid to a gas, and reverse
•High heat of fusion and vaporization -
•Density of solid is less than liquid

What is the difference between temperature and heat? correct answers Temperature is a measure
of how fast the molecules in a substance are moving
• Heat is a measure of how much energy has to be put into (or gotten out of) a substance to
change its temperature, or state (solid, liquid, gas)

Describe the arrangement of water molecules as they exist in the gaseous, liquid, and solid states
correct answers Gas - water molecules separated from each other. Liquid water - hydrogen bonds
are always there but they're always forming and breaking so the liquid can conform to a
container. When you have a solid - molecules present in ice have to assume a certain
configuration geometrically

How can evaporation occur at temperatures less than 100°C?* correct answers molecule by
molecule gains enough energy to change state, whereas boiling is a mass process - all of the
molecules could make the jump at 100 degrees. but before that molecule by molecule.

Calculate the total amount of heat required to convert 5 gr of ice at -15°C to 5 gr of water vapor
at 106°C. EXAM QUESTION!! correct answers 3652.5

Water has thermostatic properties. Why? How does that affect coastal climates (think of coastal
vs continental climate)? Why is it important around Antarctica? correct answers Water has high
heat capacity, so it can absorb (or release) large quantities of heat without changing temperature.
that means in the summer the ocean will make coastal places cooler than inland places. in
summer water absorbs heats by climates so land doesnt warm up as much. Around antarctica it is
important because it is still covered in ice - one of the reasons even during summer is because the
air is so cold the reason is there is always sea ice - preserves ice at antarctica

What are the effects of adding salts to water? correct answers • The solids dissolved in seawater
raise its boiling
point
• Seawater evaporates more slowly than fresh
water
• The dissolved solids lower the freezing point
• The temperature of maximum density moves toward the freezing point as salinity increases
• Density increases as a function of salinity

How do the freezing point of water and the temperature of maximum density change with
increasing salinity? correct answers The temperature of maximum density moves toward the
freezing point as salinity increases

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