Exam (elaborations)
PHGY 216 Exam Study Guide @
- Course
- Institution
PHGY 216 Exam Study Guide @ ...
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Zayla
Reviews received
Content preview
PHGY 216 Exam Study Guide @2024-2025
regulating fluid balance - Answer the pituitary gland and kidneys work together to
maintain fluid levels through a negative feedback loop
-> Via hormonal control
-> ie. ADH/vasopressin
ADH - Answer antidiuretic hormone/ vasopressin
-> controls H2O permeability
-> Determines ECF Osmolarity
-> makes membrane PERMEABLE to H2O
-> release stimulated by stress, inhibited by alcohol
RAAS - Answer renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
-> Controls ECF volume
-> important role in regulation of Na+
Renin - Answer hormone (ENZ) secreted by the kidney into the blood; it raises blood
pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
-> Released from granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
-> Acts on Angiotensinogen
What stimulates the release of Renin? - Answer low blood pressure in the afferent
arteriole
-> low Na+ load (decreased NaCl)
-> increased sympathetic nerve activity
Need to expand the plasma volume to increase arteriolar pressure to normal
Angiotensin - Answer A normal blood protein produced by the liver, angiotensin is
converted to angiotensin I by renin (secreted by kidney when blood pressure falls).
-> Converted to Angiotensin 2 by ACE
ACE - Answer angiotensin-converting enzyme
-> converts Angiotensin to angiotensin II
, Aldosterone - Answer released from adrenal cortex
-> works at the distal tubule and collecting duct
-> increased Na+ reabsorption
-> Creates new Na+ channels + Na+/K+ ATPases
-> Promotes K+ secretion
-> release stimulated by increased K+ levels in the plasma
Granular cells - Answer secrete renin
-> in the juxtaglomerular apparatus
macula densa - Answer The cells of the distal tubule at the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
They are receptors that monitor filtrate osmolarity as a means of regulating filtration
rate.
-> play a role in autoregulation
atrial natriuretic hormone - Answer hormone secreted by the atrial muscle cells that
regulates fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
-> stimulus for release = atrial stretch
-> promotes natriuresis, increases GFR, decreases cardiac output
ECF hypertonicity - Answer Dehydration
-> caused by insufficient water intake, heavy sweating, vomiting, osmotic diarrhea,
diabetes insipidus + diabetes mellitus
-> water moves out of the cells until ICF equilibrates with ECF
-> cells shrivel
-> compromises brain function
ECF hypotonicity - Answer Overhydration
-> caused by rapid H2O ingestion without electrolytes, excess ADH
-> fluid moves from ECF to ICF
Isotonic ECF disturbances - Answer Loss of fluid and electrolytes
Isotonic fluid loss - Answer isotonic dehydration;
Hemorrhage
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Zayla. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$14.38. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
84866 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now