Class notes
APUSH Notes Ch. 1-26 (Give Me Liberty! textbook)
- Course
- Institution
DETAILED notes summarizing Chapters 1-26 of the Give Me Liberty! (7th edition) textbook by Eric Foner.
[Show more]
2 reviews
By: jaynaples • 2 months ago
By: irenepletcher • 2 months ago
Seller
Follow
bridgetgray
Reviews received
Available practice questions
APUSH CH. 1-22 Flashcards (Give Me Liberty! textbook)
Flashcards
300 Flashcards
CA$11.52
0 sales
Flashcards
300 Flashcards
CA$11.52
0 sales
Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
Tenochtitlán
Answer: capital of Aztec empire
2.
Aztecs
Answer: written language, complex irrigation, human sacrifice
3.
Maya
Answer: yucatan peninsula, giant stone temples, complex irrigation
4.
Inca
Answer: cultivation of fertile mountain valleys
5.
Great League of Peace
Answer: Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Onondaga brought period of stability to area
6.
Reasons for euro exploration
Answer: population increase, political unification, desire for luxury goods
7.
Caravel
Answer: Caravel
8.
Reconquista
Answer: \"reconquest\" of Spain from the Moors, African Muslims who occupied part of Iberian Peninsula
9.
Conquistadores
Answer: Spanish who took the lead in exploration and conquest inspired by God, Gold, and Glory
10.
Columbian Exchange
Answer: transatlantic flow of goods and people
Content preview
APUSH Chapter NotesChapter 1: A New World (1491-1607)
The First Americans
The Settling of the Americas
- Most residents of the Americas descended from hunters/fishers
- Food crisis with mammoths and giant bison becoming extinct with
warmer climate
- Maize, squash, beans formed basics of agri.
Indian Societies of the Americas
- Tenochtitlán: capital of Aztec empire
- N American Indians didn’t have tech Europeans had like metal tools
and machines
- Indian societies perfected farming, hunting, structures of political
power, trade
Mound Builders of the Mississippi River Valley
- Poverty Point: commercial and governmental center whose residents
“mound builders” made trade routes throughout Mississippi and Ohio
River valleys
Western Indians
- Hopi and Zuni had settled village life with planned towns and multiple
family dwellings
- Survivors of declining community moved S and E, establishing villages
and desert farming and irrigation systems
- Pueblo Indians
Indians of Eastern North America
- Tribes inhabited towns and villages
- Lived on corn, squash, beans, fished and hunted
- Little centralized authority until leagues emerged to bring order
- Great League of Peace: Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Onondaga
brought period of stability to area
- Each group had their own political system and religious beliefs
Native American Religion
- Animism: spiritual power could be found in living and inanimate things
like animals, plants, trees, water
- Some tribes had hunters perform rituals to calm spirit of killed animal
- People who seemed to have special abilities (shamans, religious
leaders) had respected positions
Land and Property
- Village leaders assigned plots of land to families for a season
, - Land was a common resource, not an economic commodity
- Indians not devoted to accumulation of wealth and material goods
- Chiefs lived better than avg members of society
- Some Indian societies had rigid social distinctions
Gender Relations
- Most Indian societies centered on kinship groups which children
became members of mother’s family, not father’s
- Women played important roles in certain religious ceremonies
- Women owned dwellings and tools and took responsibility for
household and agri.
European Views of the Indians
- Either seen as “noble savages” or uncivilized barbarians
- Negative images of Indians overshadowed positive with religion, land
use, and gender relations
- Europeans described them as nomads who didn’t actually “use” the
land and didn’t have a claim on it
- Considered Indian men “unmanly” bc Euros believed wives should only
do household work and not force them to do agri.
Indian Freedom, European Freedom
Indian Freedom
- Colonizers concluded the notion of “freedom” was alien to Indian
societies
- Indians were “too” free, lacking order
- Indians had their own ideas of freedom
Christian Liberty
- Freedom wasn’t a single idea but collection of distinct rights and
privileges, enjoyed by small amount of pop
- Freedom meant abandoning sin and embrace Christ’s teachings
- Person’s religion closely tied to their economic, political, and social
position
Freedom and Authority
- Freedom meant obedience to law
- Early modern Euro societies extremely hierarchical
- “Coverture” - when a woman married she surrendered her legal identity
and covered by her husband
- Basically couldn’t do anything on her own
- Family life depended on male dominance and female submission in
Europe
Liberty and Liberties
- Liberty came from knowing one’s social place and fulfilling the duties to
that rank
- “Liberties” meant formal, specific privileges
, - Personal independence reserved for small part of pop
The Expansion of Europe
- Euro conquest of America began as a quest for a sea route to India, China, and
East Indies
- Second epochal event Adam Smith linked to Columbus was discovery by
Portuguese navigators of sea route from Europe to Asia
Chinese and Portuguese Navigation
- Zheng He led large naval expeditions in Indian Ocean
- China was world’s most important trading economy
- China didn’t feel need for expansion, so gov ended support for
long-distance maritime expedition and it fell to Portugal
- Caravel: ship capable of long-distance travel
Portugal and West Africa
- Portuguese ship brought rosemary from W Africa, proving that one
could go beyond the desert and return
- Portuguese established trading posts on W coast of Africa
- Sugar plantations worked by Muslim captives flourished on
Mediterranean islands
Freedom and Slavery in Africa
- Slavery in Africa predated coming of Europeans
- Slavery was a form of labor, but not basis of economy like in the New
World
- Portuguese mariners pushed exploration south with Bartholomeu Dias
and Vasco de Gama
The Voyages of Columbus
- Columbus sailed Mediterranean and N Atlantic, studying ocean
currents and wind patterns
- He hoped to convert Asians to Christianity and enlist them in a crusade
- King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain became sponsors
- Reconquista: “reconquest” of Spain from the Moors, African Muslims
who occupied part of Iberian Peninsula
Contact
Columbus in the New World
- Arrived at the Bahamas and encountered larger islands of Hispaniola
and Cuba
- Euro colonization began in 1493, and Columbus died thinking he
discovered a west route to Asia
Exploration and Conquest
- Printing technique made it possible to spread info fast in Europe which
spread Columbus’ achievement
- Conquistadores: Spanish who took the lead in exploration and conquest
inspired by God, Gold, and Glory
, - Magellan led first expedition to sail around the world
- Hernán Cortés: encountered Tenochtitlán and conquered the Aztec city
using military tech
- Most powerful ally was disease
The Demographic Disaster
- Columbian Exchange: transatlantic flow of goods and people
- Corn, tomatoes, potatoes, peanuts, tobacco, cotton introduced to
Europe from Americas
- Indian pops suffered catastrophic decline from diseases like smallpox,
flue, measles
The Spanish Empire
- Spain established immense empire reaching from Europe to Americas
and Asia
- Spanish Empire included most populous parts of New World
- Mexico City built on ruins of Tenochtitlán
Governing Spanish America
- Spanish crown replaced destructiveness of conquistadores with stable
system of gov
- Catholic Church played significant role in administration of Spanish
colonies
- Royal officials usually appointees from Spain instead of creoles
- Local councils, unis, merchant organizations enjoyed considerable
independence bc empire was so large
Colonists in Spanish America
- Spanish America has populous enough that importations of African
slaves were unnecessary
- Haciendas: large-scale farms controlled by Spanish landlords
- Indians performed most of the labor unlike other New World empires
- Gov barred non-Spaniards from emigrating to American domains but
opportunity for social advancement drew numerous colonists from
Spain
- At first, large majority were young, single men
Colonists and Indians
- Peninsulares on top of social hierarchy but didn’t constitute more than
small part of pop of Spanish America
- Indians outnumbered Euro colonists and descendants
- Intermixing of colonial and Indian peoples bc of Spanish crown
demanding single men to marry
- Mestizos: persons of mixed origin that made up large part of Spanish
America
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller bridgetgray. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$13.68. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81989 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now