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Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition Kumar | Chapter 2 - 29 | Updated Guide with verified questions and answers
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Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Edition Kumar | Chapter 2 - 29 | Updated Guide with verified questions and answers

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  • August 19, 2024
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  • robbins and cotran pathologic basis of disease
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Test Bank for Robbins and Cotran Pathologic
Basis of Disease 9th Edition Kumar | Chapter 2 -
29 | Updated Guide with verified questions and
answers


A 30-year-old woman who had leukemia was treated with bone marrow transplantation.
She developed a skin rash that was interpreted as a sign of a graft-versus- host reaction.
A skin biopsy was performed. In the epidermis, there were scattered dead epidermal
cells that had rounded contours and pyknotic nuclei. This form of cell death is caused by:
a. activation of caspases through receptor transmitted signals on the cell surface
b. inhibition of ATPase
c. inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation
d. activation of lysosomal enzymes
e. depletion of glycogen - ANS: A
Graft-versus-host-induced cell death in the epidermis is a form of apoptosis. It is
mediated by caspases and other enzymes of the suicide pathway of "programmed cell
death."



A 60-year-old man who had generalized atherosclerosis died 24 hours after having a
stroke. A cerebral infarct was found at autopsy. Necrosis of the brain is classified as:
a. coagulative necrosis
b. liquefactive necrosis
c. fat necrosis
d. fibrinoid necrosis
e. caseous necrosis - ANS: B
Brain infarcts are characterized by liquefactive necrosis.

Uptake of bacteria into the cytoplasm of neutrophilic leukocytes is called
a. Autophagocytosis
b. heterophagocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. pinocytosis
e. involution - ANS: B
Uptake of bacteria and other exogenous particulate material into the phagosomes is
called phagocytosis.

A 90-year-old man died in a nursing home. During the past 10 years, he was unable to
care for himself and was mentally incoherent. He had no memory and could not hold a

,conversation. He was unaware of his surroundings. At autopsy, the brain showed signs
of Alzheimer disease, and there were neurons containing numerous neurofibrillary
tangles. These cytoplasmic structures are formed from which component of the
neurons?
a. Nucleus
b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Mitochondria
e. Cytoskeleton - ANS: E
Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of microtubule-associated proteins and
neurofilaments, which form the cytoskeleton of nerve cells.

Continuous expression of the gene for atrial natriuretic factor in the myocardial cells of
the left ventricle is typically a consequence of
a. myocardial infarction
b. angina pectoris
c. hypertension
d. hypotension
e. ventricular fibrillation - ANS: C
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is produced during fetal life in both the atrial and ventricular
cells of the heart. After birth, the ANF gene remains active only in the atrium, but can be
activated in ventricular cells undergoing hypertrophy. Arterial hypertension is the most
common cause of ventricular hypertrophy.

Ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of plasma proteins is opposed by
a. insulin
b. interleukin-1
c. tumor necrosis factor α
d. glucocorticoids
e. thyroid hormones - ANS: A
Insulin can oppose ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of plasma proteins, whereas all
other hormones and mediators of inflammation listed here accelerate it.

A 28-year-old man was found to have cirrhosis of the liver and pulmonary emphysema.
The liver cells contained globular inclusions in their cytoplasm, which by electron
microscopy are shown to be located inside the
a. Golgi apparatus
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. rough endoplasmic reticulum
d. mitochondria
e. peroxisomes - ANS: C
The clinical history (i.e., the concurrence of cirrhosis and pulmonary emphysema)
suggests that this young man has α1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. The cytoplasmic
globules in the liver cells represent misfolded AAT, which cannot be excreted from the
liver cells and remains inside the liver cells in the dilated cisterns of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum.

, A 60-year-old obese man was admitted to the hospital for treatment of alcoholism. He
has diabetes mellitus. A liver biopsy was performed, and the specimen showed that the
liver cells contain increased amounts of
a. hemosiderin
b. bile
c. triglycerides
d. bilirubin
e. insulin - ANS: C
The three most common causes of fatty liver are obesity, alcoholism, and diabetes
mellitus. Fat is stored in the liver cells predominantly in the form of triglycerides.

A 55-year-old man who was on renal dialysis was admitted to the hospital for evaluation
of nausea and vomiting. A gastric biopsy was performed. The gastric mucosa contained
foci of amorphous, bluish (basophilic) material forming aggregates 10-20 μm in
diameter. These aggregates were seen mostly in the stroma between the foveolar cells.
No other abnormalities were seen, and the pathologist concluded that these changes
represent evidence of
a. Helicobacter pylori infection
b. peptic ulcer formation
c. dystrophic calcification
d. metastatic calcification
e. apoptosis - ANS: D
Bluish material in the stroma of the stomach represents foci of calcification. In patients
who have chronic renal disease, such calcifications occur in the stomach, the lungs, or
the kidneys, and are classified as metastatic. Metastatic calcifications occur in patients
who have hypercalcemia, which in this patient was most likely caused by secondary
hyperparathyroidism.

A 45-year-old Bangladeshi woman with atrophic gastritis has sudden onset of severe,
profuse, watery diarrhea. Over the next 3 days, she becomes severely dehydrated. On
physical examination, she is afebrile, but has poor skin turgor. Laboratory studies of the
diarrheal fluid show microscopic flecks of mucus, but no blood and few WBCs. A blood
culture is negative. The woman is hospitalized and receives intravenous fluid therapy for
1 week. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Amebiasis
B) Aspergillosis
C) Cholera
D) Filariasis
E) Hydatid disease
F) Typhoid fever - C) Cholera

A 5-year-old boy has had diarrhea for a week, averaging six low volume stools per day,
which appear mucoid and sometimes blood-tinged. On physical examination, his
temperature is 37.4° C. He has mild lower abdominal tenderness, but no masses. A

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