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AP Bio 43-48 Exam| Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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AP Bio 43-48 Exam| Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%Verified
Innate Immunity - Defense from abnormal body cells, present prior to pathogen exposure and works
from time of birth. Nonspecific.
Acquired Immunity - Develops post-exposure to inducing agents. Very Specific.
Antibodies - Defensive proteins lymphocytes secrete in hormonal response
Lymphocytes - White blood cells, responsible for acquired immunity recognition.
Lysosome - Antimicrobial protein, enzyme that digests cell walls of many bacteria.
Phagocytosis - Attach to prey with surface receptors that don't bind to normal body cells. Engulfs
microbe, forming vacuole that fuses with lysosome, from bone marrow.
Inflammatory Response - Chemically triggered post physical injury or entry of pathogens
Histamine - One of the most active chemicals in Inflammatory Response. Stored in mast cells (in
connective tissue). Triggers the dilation of capillaries
B Lymphocytes - Stay in bone marrow, circulate in blood, recognize antigens with antigen specific
receptors in plasma membrane
T Lymphocytes - From Thymus, circulate in blood, recognize antigens with antigen specific receptors in
plasma membrane.
Cytokines - Secreted by phagocytes. Proteins that help active lymphocytes and other cells of the
immune system.
, Antigens - Large proteins or polysaccharides. an dissolve in extracellular fluid or protrude from surface
of pathogens/ transplanted cells
T Cell Receptor - Antigen receptor with 2 polypeptide chains linked with disulfide bridge
R Cell Receptor - Y Shaped molecule with 4 polypeptide chains
Effector Cells - Large number produced from one lymphocyte daughter clone. Short lived and combat
the same antigen
Memory Cells - From the other lymphocyte daughter clone. Long-living cells with receptors for the same
inducing antigen.
Primary Immune Response - Selective proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes that occurs the
first time the body is exposed to a particular antigen/
Secondary Immune Response - Occurs the second time an individual is exposed to the microbe. Much
faster response time.
Humoral Immune Response - Involves the activation and clonal selection of B ells, making production of
secreted anti-bodies that circulate in blood and lymph
Hormones - Chemical signal secreted to extracellular fluid carried by circulatory system and
communicates regulatory messages with in the body. Maintains homeostasis! Long-distance chemical
regulators.
Endocrine System - All of an animal's hormone-secreting cells
Negative Feedback - The effector response decreases initial stimulus
Positive Feedback - Reinforces stimulus and leads to greater response
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