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AP Biology Exam Review | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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AP Biology Exam Review | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100%Verified
mitosis - part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
cytokinesis - division of the cytoplasm during cell division
chromatids - one of the two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
centromeres - area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
interphase - period of the cell cycle between cell division
cell cycle - series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
prophase - first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the
centrioles separate and take up positions on the cell's DNA
centrioles - one of the two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cels near the nuclear
envelope
spindle - fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis
metaphase - second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the
cell
anaphase - the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward
opposite poles
telophase - fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a
tangle of dense material
,cyclin - one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
cancer - disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
genetics - scientific study of heredity
fertilization - process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a
new cell
true-breeding - term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if
allowed to self-pollinate
trait - specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
hybrids - offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
genes - sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
alleles - one of a number of different forms of a gene
segregation - separation of alleles during gamete formation
gametes - specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
probability - likelihood that a particular event will occur
punnett square - diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
, homozygous - term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
heterozygous - term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
phenotype - physical characteristics of an organism
genotype - genetic makeup of an organism
independent assortment - independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
incomplete dominance - situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
codominance - situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
multiple alleles - three or more alleles of the same gene
polygenic traits - trait controlled by two or more genes
homologous - term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from
the opposite-sex parent
diploid - term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid - term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a
single set of genes
meiosis - process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of
homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
tetrad - structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
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