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MCAT: Biochemistry Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | 100% Verified
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MCAT: Biochemistry Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | 100% Verified What is the function of chaperone proteins in cellular biology? Chaperone proteins assist in the correct folding of newly synthesized proteins and prevent misfolding or aggregation. Describe the role ...

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MCAT: Biochemistry Questions and
Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 |
100% Verified
What is the function of chaperone proteins in cellular biology?




✔✔Chaperone proteins assist in the correct folding of newly synthesized proteins and prevent

misfolding or aggregation.




Describe the role of ATP in cellular energy transfer.




✔✔ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group through

hydrolysis, which drives biochemical reactions.




How do allosteric enzymes differ from non-allosteric enzymes?




✔✔Allosteric enzymes are regulated by the binding of molecules at sites other than the active

site, which can alter their activity, while non-allosteric enzymes are not regulated in this manner.




What is the primary role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis?
1

,✔✔The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids

(smooth ER) and in the processing and folding of proteins.




Explain the process of glycolysis and its overall significance in cellular metabolism.




✔✔Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH; it is a key

pathway for energy production in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.




What role do cofactors play in enzyme function?




✔✔Cofactors are non-protein molecules or ions that bind to enzymes and are necessary for their

catalytic activity.




Describe the function of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in metabolism.




✔✔The citric acid cycle generates high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) and

produces ATP, playing a crucial role in the aerobic production of energy.




2

,What is the importance of the phosphorylation of proteins in cellular signaling?




✔✔Phosphorylation of proteins often activates or deactivates them, thereby regulating cellular

signaling pathways and various biological processes.




How does the structure of an enzyme affect its function?




✔✔The enzyme's three-dimensional structure, including its active site, determines its specificity

for substrates and its catalytic efficiency.




What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in oxidative phosphorylation?




✔✔NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which drives the

production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.




What is the function of ubiquitin in protein regulation?




✔✔Ubiquitin tags proteins for degradation by the proteasome, helping to regulate protein levels

and remove damaged or misfolded proteins.

3

, Describe the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibition in enzyme kinetics.




✔✔Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active

site, while non-competitive inhibition involves the inhibitor binding to a different site, altering

enzyme activity.




What role does the liver play in carbohydrate metabolism?




✔✔The liver regulates blood glucose levels by converting excess glucose to glycogen for storage

and by performing gluconeogenesis to produce glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.




Explain the significance of isoenzymes in metabolism.




✔✔Isoenzymes are different forms of the same enzyme that catalyze the same reaction but may

have different properties, allowing for regulation and adaptation in different tissues.




How does the structure of a lipid bilayer contribute to membrane fluidity?




4

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