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MileDown MCAT Biology Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | 100% Verified
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MileDown MCAT Biology Questions and Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 | 100% Verified What is the role of the myelin sheath in neural transmission? The myelin sheath insulates axons, allowing for faster transmission of electrical impulses along the neuron through saltatory conduction. ...

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  • August 21, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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MileDown MCAT Biology Questions and
Answers | Latest Update | 2024/2025 |
100% Verified
What is the role of the myelin sheath in neural transmission?




✔✔The myelin sheath insulates axons, allowing for faster transmission of electrical impulses

along the neuron through saltatory conduction.




Describe the process of endocytosis in cellular transport.




✔✔Endocytosis is a process where the cell membrane engulfs extracellular material, forming a

vesicle that brings the material into the cell.




What is the significance of the lac operon in bacterial gene regulation?




✔✔The lac operon is a set of genes in bacteria that are responsible for the metabolism of lactose,

and it is regulated by the presence or absence of lactose to control gene expression.




How do tight junctions contribute to the function of epithelial cells?
1

,✔✔Tight junctions create a seal between adjacent epithelial cells, preventing the passage of

molecules and ions through the space between the cells, thereby maintaining the integrity of the

epithelial barrier.




Explain the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the human heart.




✔✔The sinoatrial (SA) node is the heart's natural pacemaker, initiating electrical impulses that

set the rhythm for the heart's contractions.




What role does the spleen play in the immune system?




✔✔The spleen filters the blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells and pathogens, and

also stores white blood cells that are important for immune responses.




Describe the process of spermatogenesis in the male reproductive system.




✔✔Spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatogonial stem cells undergo mitosis and

meiosis to produce mature sperm cells in the testes.


2

,How does the Bohr effect influence oxygen release from hemoglobin?




✔✔The Bohr effect describes how a decrease in blood pH (increased acidity) or an increase in

carbon dioxide concentration reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, facilitating oxygen

release to tissues.




Explain the significance of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in population genetics.




✔✔The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a state in which a population's allele and

genotype frequencies remain constant over time, assuming no evolutionary influences, providing

a baseline for detecting evolutionary changes.




What is the function of the enzyme telomerase in DNA replication?




✔✔Telomerase extends the telomeres at the ends of chromosomes, preventing them from

shortening during DNA replication and ensuring the stability of genetic information.




What is the role of the mitochondria in apoptosis?


3

, ✔✔Mitochondria release cytochrome c, which triggers the activation of caspases, leading to the

programmed cell death process known as apoptosis.




Describe the function of the smooth muscle in the digestive system.




✔✔Smooth muscle in the digestive system contracts rhythmically to propel food through the

gastrointestinal tract in a process called peristalsis.




How does the structure of hemoglobin contribute to its function in oxygen transport?




✔✔Hemoglobin's quaternary structure, composed of four subunits, allows it to bind oxygen

cooperatively, enhancing its ability to pick up and release oxygen efficiently.




What is the role of the hypothalamus in regulating homeostasis?




✔✔The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis by controlling body temperature, hunger, thirst, and

the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.




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