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A defense mechanism by which a person is so traumatized by an event that he or she forgets it and then forgets the act of forgetting. According to psychodynamic theory, repression's main function is to protect the individual from threatening information. - Repressed memories A combination of com...

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  • August 21, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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CSCC Psychology 1100 Final Exam
A defense mechanism by which a person is so traumatized by an event that he or she forgets it and then
forgets the act of forgetting. According to psychodynamic theory, repression's main function is to protect
the individual from threatening information. - Repressed memories



A combination of components including short-term memory and attention, that allow individuals to hold
information temporarily as they preform cognitive tasks; a kind of mental workbench on which the brain
manipulates and assembles information to guide understanding, decision making, and problem solving. -
Working memory



________ __________ involves changes that occur with age in people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
regarding the principles and values that guide them as they interact with others. Kohlberg proposed a
cognitive-developmental theory of ______ _________ with three levels (preconventional, conventional,
and postconventional) - Moral development




______ ______ is a sleep disorder in which individuals stop breathing because the windpipe fails to open
or because brain processes involved in respiration fail to work properly - Sleep apnea



______ _________ come in two types; unipolar and bipolar, accompanied by depression and manic
episodes. - Mood disorder (Bipolar)



______ determines the sound wave's frequency, that is, the number of cycles (full ________) that pass
through a point in a given time interval. - Wavelength



_______ __________ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts. According to
the theory, we feel uneasy when we notice an inconsistency between what we believe and what we do. -
Cognitive dissonance



_______ research is interested in discovering relationships between variables. - Correlational.

,The degree of relationship between two variables is expressed as a numerical value called a correlational
coefficient, which is most commonly represented by the letter r. The correlation coefficient is a statistic
that tells us two things about the relationship between two variables—its strength and its direction. The
value of a correlation always falls between −1.00 and +1.00. The number or magnitude of the correlation
tells us about the strength of the relationship. The closer the number is to ±1.00, the stronger the
relationship. The sign (+ or −) tells us about the direction of the relationship between the variables. A
positive sign means that as one variable increases, the other also increases, or as one decreases the
other does as well. When variables are positively correlated, they change in the same direction. A
negative sign means that as one variable increases, the other decreases. Negatively correlated variables
change together but do so in the opposite direction. A zero correlation means that there is no systematic
relationship between the variables.



________ ________ are daily behavioral or physiological cycles. Daily ________ ________ involve the
sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar level - Circadian rhythms



________ disorders involve fears that are uncontrollable, disproportionate to the actual danger the
person might be in, and disruptive of ordinary life.



______: Disabling psychological disorders that feature motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive
expectations and thoughts - Anxiety



________ learning (or implicit learning) is unreinforced learning that is not immediately reflected in
behavior. _______ learning is sometimes called incidental learning because it "just happens" as a result
of experience. - Latent



________ Therapies, also called biomedical therapies; treatments that reduce of eliminate the
symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning. - Biological therapy



_________ behavior interferes with one's ability to function effectively in the world. -
Maladaption



__________ ______ is an individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative
stereotype about his or her group - Stereotype threat

, __________ ________ are disorders in which the individual suffers from depression, an unrelenting lack
of pleasure in life. - Major depressive disorder



__________ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. -
Punishment



__________ research involves finding out about the basic dimensions of some variable. -
Descriptive



___________-- is the process by which a stimulus or event (a reinforcer) following a particular behavior
increases the probability that the behavior will happen again. Such consequences of a behavior fall into
two types, called positive and negative. Both types of consequences increase the frequency of a
behavior. - Reinforcement



"Intelligence quotient", an individual's mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100

If mental age is the same as chronological age, then the individual's IQ is 100 (average); if mental age is
above chronological age, the IQ is more than 100 (above average); if mental age is below chronological
age, the IQ is less than 100 (below average). For example, a 6-year-old child with a mental age of 8 has
an IQ of 133, whereas a 6-year-old child with a mental age of 5 has an IQ of 83. - IQ scores



A ____ stimulus is a stimulus which initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention.
- Neutral stiumulus



A _____ ______ is an in-depth look at a single individual. - Case study



A _______ is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations. They seek
to explain why certain things are as they are or why they have happened, and can be used to make
predictions about future observations. - Theory



A _______ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from
one individual to another. - Stereotype

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