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Summary Grade 9 Space Notes (Canadian Curriculum)
- Course
- Science
- Institution
- 10th Grade
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A. Electromagnetic Spectrum and Spectral Lines:1. What is shown in the Electromagnetic Spectrum?
All types of radiation organized by the amount of energy they carry
2. Compare the wavelengths and energies of red light and blue light.
- Red light has longer wavelengths, lower energies, lower frequencies
- Blue light has shorter wavelengths, higher energies, higher frequencies
3. Explain red-shift and blue-shift regarding the electromagnetic spectrum.
- Red-shift is when light is stretched out, since the red part of the visible spectrum
has longer wavelengths
- Blue-shift is when light is squished together as the blue part of the visible
spectrum has shorter wavelengths
4. Describe the sound you would hear when a train blows its horn as it passes by
you.
- The Doppler effect
- As the train with the horn approaches me, it will make a louder, higher-pitched
sound, but as it passes me and moves away, the pitch lowers and becomes
quieter.
- This is because sound is made of waves and as the train moves, the sound
waves from the horn can appear squished together (close to you) or stretched
out (far from you)
5. What can the spectral lines from stars and galaxies tell us? Explain how this
works.
- The particles in an atmosphere of star absorb certain wavelengths of light
- The line tell us where light is being absorbed and which wavelength of light is
being absorbed
- Chemical makeup of star
- Distance from earth
- Speed of star
- Mass, size
- Solar winds, any magnetic fields
6. How are spectral lines used to measure the velocity of moving stars?
- If the spectral lines shift toward the red end of the spectrum, it is red shifted and
the star is moving away from you
, - The greater the shift, the farther away it is from you, the greater the speed the
star is moving
- Vice versa for blue shift
B. The Big Bang Theory
1. What is a scientific theory? How is the Big Bang Theory an example of this?
- A scientific theory is an observation of the natural world that has an explanation,
evidence to back it up, and can be used to make predictions which can later be
tested
- The Big Bang Theory is backed up with evidence and explanations
2. What is Hubble’s Law and how was it discovered?
- Hubble’s Law is the relationship that the farther away a galaxy is, the greater the
redshift, and, therefore, the faster it appears to be moving
- It was discovered when he was observing the patterns of light emitted from
galaxies
- He noticed that galaxies and stars look redder than they should,
especially the more distant galaxies – redshift: the light from the galaxies
shift toward the red end of the spectrum as it moves farther away from the
Milky Way lulv
- He noticed each galaxy emits its own distinctive spectrum of light
- Light spectra shift, depending on whether the light source is moving or
stationary.
3. How does Hubble’s Law support the big bang?
- If, when the universe was born, it exploded outwards and continues to expand
today, then most galaxies should be moving away from us
- We see this because the galaxies are seen as red-shifted
4. How does the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation support the big bang?
- When telescopes are pointed at the sky at what looks like empty space, the
telescopes detect microwaves
- In the baby universe, light waves were visible and short
- As the universe expanded outwards, an extreme redshift occurred; these visible
light waves stretched out to become longer microwaves
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