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BIOL 235 Chapter 11(75 questions and answers).
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BIOL 235:Chapter 11(75
questions and
answers)
Describe the relationship between bones and
skeletal muscles in the production of body
movements. - answer skeletal muscle is attached
to bone at origin and insertion. skeletal muscle
contracts and pulls on bone. bones serve as levers.
joint act as a fulcrum. load is the weight of the
object.
Describe how the prime mover, antagonist,
synergist and fixator in a muscle group work
together to produce movements. - answer
Opposing pairs of muscle group, often on opposite
side of the body, balance out movement. The
agonist and antagonist change roles depending on
the movement. If they contract equally then there
is stability and no movement. The agonist will
initiate a contraction and the antagonist will yield
,and stretch to that effect. Fixaor stabilze the
origin. Synergists support the needs of the prime
mover by stabilizing intermediate joints. .
describe the characteristics used in the naming of
skeletal muscles. - answer combination of word
roots of distinctive features.
- direction of muscle fascicles (rectus are parallel
to midline; transverse are perpendicular to
midline; oblique are diagonal to midline)
-size (major/ minor or short/long)
-shape (deltoid =triangular; trapezius = trapezoid)
-action (flexor - decrease joint angle; extensor -
increase joint angle)
- number of origins (biceps = two origins)
list the names, locations and actions of principal
skeletal muscles. - answer ...
list the origins and insertions of several specific
skeletal muscles. - answer ...
origin - answer attachment of muscle's tendon
onto the stationary bone. usually proximal.
, insertion - answer attachment of the muscles
tendon to the moveable bone. usual distal.
belly (body) - answer fleshy part of the tendons
between the tendons
lever system and leverage (fulcrum, effort,
load/resistance) - answer levers - bones (rigid
structure that moves around a fixed point
(fulcrum) and i acted on by two opposing forces:
load and effort
fulcrum - joint
load/resistance - weight of object + bone holding it
effort - of the muscle that needs to contact
prime mover or agonist - answer within opposing
pairs of skeletal muscles, this one leads the
contraction to cause an action
antagonist - answer within opposing pair of
skeletal muscles, this one yields and stretches to
the force of the prime mover (agonist)
synergist - answer ("work together") prevent
unwanted movement at intermediate joints or aid
the movement of the prime mover, these muscles
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