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BBH 432 Exam 3 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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  • BBH 432

Depression - anhedonia - overattention to negative stimuli - guilt / worthelssness - duration: > 2 weeks - memory / concentration problems - altered appeite and sleep Depression Prevalence - 5-20% of Americans afflicted - often after chronic/severe stress - more frequent in women: men (2:1) - h...

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  • August 26, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • bbh 432 exam 3 practice questions and correct answ
  • depression anhedonia overattention to negativ
  • depression prevalence 5 20 of americans afflic

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  • BBH 432

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BBH 432 Exam 3 Practice Questions and
Correct Answers
Depression ✅- anhedonia
- overattention to negative stimuli
- guilt / worthelssness
- duration: > 2 weeks
- memory / concentration problems
- altered appeite and sleep

Depression Prevalence ✅- 5-20% of Americans afflicted
- often after chronic/severe stress
- more frequent in women: men (2:1)
- heritability: 40-50%

Physiology of Depression ✅- neuroanatomical/functional & neurochemical changes
- HPA alterations
- cytokine (immune) alterations
- genetics (5-HTT, CRFR) and environment (stress)

Depression treatment ✅- can be difficult (because cause is not clear!)
- drugs influence dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and glucocoticoids
- delayed drug effects (weeks)

Brain areas associated with emotion and HPA regulation ✅- decreased prefrontal
cortex activity
- decreased angular cingulate activity
- decrreased hippocampal activity
- increased amygdala activity

HPA axis ✅- elevated glucocorticoids and CRF
- altered negative feedback
- altered cortisol circadian rhythm

stroke ✅blood clot or bleeding in the brain

Atheroscelorsis ✅arteries narrowed by cholesterol in the walls (plaques)

Myocardial infarction ✅small vessels on heart surface are blocked by clot of burst
plaque

infectious diseases ✅rheumatic fever

, cholesterol ✅- waxy substance, part of out cell walls (precursor to steroid hormones)
- hypercholesterolemia: strong risk facto for CVD
- cholesterol carried by lipoproteins

LDL ✅Low Densitty Lipoprotein Cholesterol
- sticks to artery walls
- gets under artery lining
- consumed by immune cells
- <100 = good

HDL ✅High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
- collects fats out of the artery walls
- carries fat back to the liver to be broken down
- >37 = good

Plaques ✅1. High LDL
2. Ox-LDL
3. Monocytes
4. Macophages & T-cells
5. T-cells

High LDL ✅accumulate in the artery wall where oxidized

Ox-LDL ✅stimulates endothelial cells to display adhesion molecules, which latch onto
monocytes and T-cells

Monocytes ✅mature into macrophages tthat destroy ox-LDL

Macrophages & T-cells ✅produce inflammatory cytokines

T-cells ✅form the "fatty streak" the earliest form of plaque

Blood pressure ✅force the blood exerts against artery walls

systolic blood pressure ✅the highest pressure in the system, right after heart pumps.
the "top number"

Diastolic BP ✅the lowest pressure while the heart rests. the "bottom number"

Behaviors that can lower blood pressure ✅Lowering sodium, increasing potassium,
calcium• DASH diet---fruits, vegetables, low fat dairy • Nuts---walnuts, pistachios • Plant
protein• Fiber• Exercise, a single workout can lower bp for a few hours• Moderate
alcohol (1 drink/d for women, 2/d for men)

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