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ASTR 121|289 Final Exam Review Questions Correctly Answers|2024
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A crescent moon is visible in the northern hemisphere, with the crescent shape on the right side of the Moon. This phase is called: - ️️Waxing crescent A lens ___ light to converge at a point - ️️Refracts A magnetic field line pokes through the Sun's photosphere inhibiting convection and ...

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  • August 26, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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ASTR 121|289 Final Exam Review
Questions Correctly Answers
A crescent moon is visible in the northern hemisphere, with the crescent shape on the right side of the
Moon. This phase is called: - ✔ ✔ Waxing crescent

A lens ___ light to converge at a point - ✔ ✔ Refracts

A magnetic field line pokes through the Sun's photosphere inhibiting convection and cooling that
location. What feature is observed in that location on the photosphere? (Also describe how the other
features are formed) - ✔ ✔ Sunspot

A mirror ___ light to converge - ✔ ✔ Reflects

A star cooler than the Sun will have a peak wavelength that is ____________ the Sun's peak wavelength
emission. - ✔ ✔ Longer than

Absorption spectra - ✔ ✔ A low density cooler gas produces an absorption line spectrum when in
front of a hotter, continuous source

According to Kepler's third law, Mercury's orbital period is __________ than the Earth's orbital period. -
✔ ✔ Shorter

According to Wien's Law, as temperature increases, the peak wavelength emitted by a star __________
and the star appears __________. - ✔ ✔ Decreases, bluer

All electromagnetic radiation is made of: - ✔ ✔ Photons

All of the solar system planets would fit within the distance between the Earth and the Moon. Which
planets are actually between the Earth and the Moon? - ✔ ✔ All of the solar system planets would fit
within the distance between the Earth and the Moon. Which planets are actually between the Earth and
the Moon?

An asteroid viewed from Earth may appear to change brightness periodically because - ✔ ✔ The
asteroid is asymmetrical and may present a larger or smaller side towards us as it rotates

An exoplanet 1/100th the radius of its star is discovered orbiting a nearby star. What transit depth did
the astronomers observe? (Also describe what the other equation means; what is N?) - ✔ ✔ 0.0001
(0.01%)

An observer notes (by eye) a new bright object moving amongst the background stars in the sky. It
appears for a fraction of a second, a tail streaming behind its direction of motion, and disappears. What
did this observer see? - ✔ ✔ Meteor

,Approximately how long does it take for the Moon to revolve around the Earth once? - ✔ ✔ A month

Astronomers observing a star's spectrum notice that the spectral lines periodically and gradually switch
from redshifted to blueshifted and back again. If this is due to an exoplanet, what is the name of this
detection method? (Also describe how the other methods detect exoplanets) - ✔ ✔ Radial velocity
method

At perihelion, a planet has __________ angular momentum and is moving _________ than at aphelion -
✔ ✔ The same; faster

At what speed does light travel? - ✔ ✔ At the same speed

= 3x10^5 km/s

Besides shielding from harmful UV radiation, we need the Earth's atmosphere to maintain livable
temperatures. The process that makes this happen is called - ✔ ✔ Greenhouse effect

Continuous spectra - ✔ ✔ A solid or very dense objects emits at all wavelengths

Define hypothesis - ✔ ✔ a new model or idea which must be tested

Define light year (ly) - ✔ ✔ the distance light travels in one year

Define partial lunar eclipse: - ✔ ✔ Earth partially blocks Sun

Define total lunar eclipse: - ✔ ✔ Earth completely blocks Sun

Does both Neptune and Uranus have moons? - ✔ ✔ Yes

Does Mercury have a magnetic field? - ✔ ✔ Yes but it is weak, so at least part of the core must be
liquid

Does Pluto have an atmosphere? - ✔ ✔ Yes, at perihelion made of methane and nitrogen

Does the sun also pull the Earth? - ✔ ✔ Tides are primarily caused by the Moon



But the Sun also pulls the Earth

Due to our perspective of the sky from the Earth, in ancient times it was almost universally believed that
the: - ✔ ✔ Earth was at the center of the universe

During what moon phase does a lunar eclipse occur? - ✔ ✔ full moon

During what moon phase does a solar eclipse occur? - ✔ ✔ New moon

Emission spectra - ✔ ✔ A low density, hot gas produces an emission line spectrum

, Filters only transmit: - ✔ ✔ Certain colors of light

For natural color images, we are limited to wavelengths in the - ✔ ✔ Visible

For the lander and rover on the far side of the Moon, how many times each year will the Earth be seen
to rise and set? - ✔ ✔ Never

From the Earth, we observe the other solar system planets on the celestial sphere near the: - ✔ ✔
Ecliptic

Gamma rays (emitted in the core during the fusion process) have _____________ compared to visible -
✔ ✔ A lot more energy

Hotter objects emit: - ✔ ✔ more light at all wavelengths



photons with a higher average energy

How are hypothesis tested in astronomy? - ✔ ✔ Hypotheses tested by observing the sky many times



• Look for patterns, changes

• Match to laws of physics and computer models

How are Jupiter's bands and patterns formed? - ✔ ✔ Interior convection plus rotation of the planet

How are moonquakes created? - ✔ ✔ From tidal forces

How are ocean tides caused? - ✔ ✔ The Moon's gravity pulls on the Earth



• Moon and Earth's gravity pull on water

• Water squashes to form two bulges on either side

How are the waves generated in the Sun? - ✔ ✔ Waves generated in turbulent convection zone

How can scientists study the interior of the Sun? - ✔ ✔ Measuring waves in the Sun via the Doppler
Effect

How did Pluto's moons formed? - ✔ ✔ All moons likely formed from collision



• Smashed material coalesced into satellites

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