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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Matter - Answer️️ -Anything that occupies space and has a mass Three Physical States of Matter - Answer️️ -Solid, liquid, gas Element - Answer️️ -Substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions...

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  • August 28, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM



BIO 181 NAU- Exam 1 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions

Matter - Answer✔️✔️-Anything that occupies space and has a mass

Three Physical States of Matter - Answer✔️✔️-Solid, liquid, gas

Element - Answer✔️✔️-Substance that cannot be broken down into
other substances by chemical reactions

Four elements that make up about 96% of the weight and most
cells: - Answer✔️✔️-Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Atoms - Answer✔️✔️-The smallest functional units of matter that
form ALL chemical substances

Three subatomic particles - Answer✔️✔️-Protons, Neutrons,
Electrons

Protons - Answer✔️✔️-Positive charge, found in nucleus. Number of
protons is what distinguishes one element from another

Atomic number - Answer✔️✔️-How many protons are in an element

Mass number - Answer✔️✔️-sum of the number of protons and
neutrons in its nucleus

Isotopes - Answer✔️✔️-Forms of an element with different numbers of
neutrons than protons. Ex; Carbon 12 = 6 protons and 7 neutrons.

Gaining vs. Losing electrons - Answer✔️✔️-N+1 = Losing electron


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, ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM


N-1 = Gaining electron

Electrons = electronegative

Octet rule - Answer✔️✔️-Atoms are most stable when their outer
shell is full. The outer shell has to be filled with 8 electrons EXCEPT
Hydrogen and Helium with just 2 electrons.

Valence Electrons - Answer✔️✔️-Electrons more likely to form bonds,
taken away, or shared with other atoms. Electrons in the outer shell

Compounds - Answer✔️✔️-Putting two elements together

Two types of chemical bonds - Answer✔️✔️-Ionic and covalent

Ionic Bonds - Answer✔️✔️-ELECTRON SWAP- formed between
oppositely charged ions. Ex; NaCl

Ions (2 types) - Answer✔️✔️-Charged atoms

Cations: Have a net positive charge (+)

Anions: Have a net negative charge (-)

Ionic - Answer✔️✔️-Something with a charge

Covalent Bond - Answer✔️✔️-Forms when two atoms SHARE one or
more pairs of outer-shell electrons. These bonds are the strongest of
bonds.

Polar Molecules - Answer✔️✔️-An uneven distribution of charge Ex;
H2O. Hydrogen are slightly positive, oxygen is slightly negative.




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Hydrogen Bond - Answer✔️✔️-A weak attraction between a partially
positive hydrogen and a partially negative atom like Oxygen. Causes
cohesion

Cohesion - Answer✔️✔️-The tendency of molecules of the same kind
to stick together. Ex; sipping through a straw. In order for the water
to be sucked up and stuck together is cohesion

Heat - Answer✔️✔️-The amount of energy associated wit hteh
movement of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter

Temperature - Answer✔️✔️-Measures the intensity of heat

Evaporative Cooling - Answer✔️✔️-Occurs when a substance
evaporates and the surface of the liquid remaining behind cools
down. Ex; sweating

Aqueous Solution - Answer✔️✔️-When water is the solvent

Hydrophilic - Answer✔️✔️-Likes and will dissolve in water

Polar Covalent bonds - Answer✔️✔️-Hydrophilic, will dissolve in
water

Hydrophobic - Answer✔️✔️-water fearing, does not dissolve in water,
nonpolar molecules like OILS

Organic Compounds - Answer✔️✔️-Crabon-based molecules




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