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NUR 340 Final Exam Questions and Verified Answers
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Aseptic technique practiced as each surgical item is opened and placed on the instrument table -practiced in or to prevent infection -implemented through the creation and maintenance of a sterile field -center of sterile field is the surgical incision Scrubbing method for surgery fingers to elbows...

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  • August 28, 2024
  • 54
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nur 340 final exam questions and verified answers
  • aseptic technique practiced as each surgical item
  • scrubbing method for surgery fingers to elbows

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  • NUR 340

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NUR 340 Final Exam Questions and
Verified Answers
Aseptic technique ✅practiced as each surgical item is opened and placed on the
instrument table
-practiced in or to prevent infection
-implemented through the creation and maintenance of a sterile field
-center of sterile field is the surgical incision

Scrubbing method for surgery ✅fingers to elbows

National patient safety goods ✅universal protocol followed to prevent wrong site,
wrong procedure, and wrong surgery
-patient safety checklist
-identify two pt identifiers
-improve staff communication (report test and diagnostic procedure)
- use medications safely
-prevent infection- hand-washing
-use universal protocol to prevent mistakes in surgery( site is marked by surgeon with pt
involvement)

Surgical care improvement project ✅focused on improving surgical care by reducing
complications from surgery

-implemented in holding area:
Drug administration
Patient warming
Application of sequential compression

Aorn ✅surgical time out

Verify correct site surgery

Preoperative assessment ✅identify risk factors and plan care to ensure pt safety
throughout surgical experience

Intraoperative assessment ✅ensure patient is tolerating surgery and has
uncompromised airway system

-report any changes in vital signs and monitor blood loss + urine output
-position pts correctly and ensure right to privacy

Postoperative assesment ✅-airway

,-breathing
-circulation

Hearing first sense to return to unconscious pt

Informed consent ✅-adequate disclosure of diagnosis, nature and purpose of
treatment, risks & benefits, probability of successful outcome availability, prognosis if
treatment not instituted

Voluntary

Supine position ✅most commonly used during surgery easy access to heart,
abdomen, breat

Lithotomy position ✅pelvic organ surgery

Prone position ✅easy for back surgery

General anesthesia causes what to dilate ✅peripheral vessels

Preventing hypothermia ✅-may apply thermal warming blanket to patient to maintain
body temperature

Can cause:
Impaired wound healing
Adverse cardiac events
Altered drug metabolism
Coagulopathies

Monitored anesthesia care ✅used for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures performed
in or outside of the or

Moderate sedation ✅used for procedures performed outside of the or

General anesthesia ✅technique of choice for patients who are having surgical
procedures that are of significant duration, require skeletal muscle relaxation, require
uncomfortable operative positions because of location of the incision site, require
control of ventilation

Iv or inhalation administration or balanced

Dissociative anesthesia ✅interrupts associative brain pathways while blocking sensory
pathways- pt may appear catatonic, amnesic and experiences profound analgesia that
lasts into postoperative period

,-ketamine common example

Ketamine ✅used in asthmatic pt undergoing surgery because it promotes
bronchodilation and in trauma pts requiring surgery
Because it increases hr and helps maintain cardiac output


-can cause hallucinations

Local anesthesia ✅-topical
-ophthalmic
-nebulized
-injectable

Interrupt nerve impulses by altering flow of sodium into nerve cells through cell
membranes

Regional anesthesia ✅ex lidocaine

Applied to specific area of body does not require sedation or loss of consciousness

Ex spinal/epidural anesthesia

Spinal anesthesia ✅involves injection of a local anesthetic into cerebrospinal fluid
found in the subarachnoid space usually below level of l2

Epidural anesthesia ✅involves injection of a local anesthetic into the epidural space
via the thoracic or lumbar approach

Most reliable indicator of pain ✅self report

Not always possible pacu ✅look for restlessness, changes in vitals diaphoresis

Identify location of pain

Nursing diagnosis for patient experiencing pain ✅acute pain related to
inflammation/injury in surgical area

Iv opioids ✅most rapid relief

Sustained relief ✅pca, epidural catheters, regional anesthetic blockade

First 48 hours or longer for pain ✅opioids

, Opioids/nsaid may be used to provide lowest dose of medication and decrease side
effects

Regeneration ✅replacement of lost cell and tissues with cells of the same type

Repair ✅lost cells being replaced by connective tissue

Repair is more common

Normal healing ✅-drainage depends on type of surgery
-initially sanguineous-->sero sanguineous--> serous
-slightly crusted along incision line- pink color, slight swelling, puffiness
-keep assessing site periodically
-need diet high in protein, carbs, vitamins, moderate fat intake
-do not touch area
-give antibiotics prophylactically

Primary intention ✅wound margins are neatly approx

Initial phase: 3-5 days: edges of incision are aligned and sutured in place; the incision
fills with blood, blood clot forms, and platelets release growth factors to begin in healing
process; acute inflammatory reaction occurs

Granulation 5 days to 4 weeks: components include proliferating fibroblasts,
proliferating capillary sprouts, various types wbcs, exudate, and loos, semifluid, ground
substance

Maturation phase/scar contraction 7 days to several months: collagen fibers are further
organized and remodeling process occurs; active movement of the mypfibroblasts
causes contraciton of healing area, helping to close the defect and bring the skin edges
closer together

Fibroblasts ✅immature connective tissue cells that migrate into the healing site and
secrete collagen (begin to "knit wound together" in time the collagen is organized and
restructured to strengthen the healing site)

Secondary intention ✅wounds may have irregular edges that cannot be approximated
-inflammatory reaction may be greater than in primary healing; this results in more
debris, cells, and exudate
-debris may have to be cleaned away before healing can occur
-wound remains open; granulation takes place from the edges inward and from the
bottom upward until the defect is filled

Tertiary intention ✅healing occurs with delayed suturing of a wound in which two
layers of granulation tissue are sutured together

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