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CHAPTER-16 DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
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CHAPTER-16 DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
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CBSE Quick Revision Notes (Class-11 Biology)CHAPTER-16 DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
The process of conversion of complex food into simpler absorbable form is called digestion
and is carried out by digestive system by mechanical and biochemical methods.
Digestive System- Human digestive system consists of alimentary canal and associated
glands.
• Alimentary canal begin with anterior opening
mouth and opens out posteriorly through anus.
It comprises of following parts:-
a. Mouth- leads to oral cavity or buccal cavity
which contains teeth and tongue. Each teeth is
embedded in socket of jaw bone ( thecodont).
Milk teeth is replaced by permanent or adult
teeth, this type of dentation is called
diphyodont. Four different types of teeth are
incisors (I), canine (C), premolar (PM) and
molar (M).
Dental formula -
Upper surface of tongue has small projections called papillae, some of which contain taste
buds.
b. Pharynx – oral cavity opens into pharynx which acts as common passage for food and air.
Cartilaginous flaps called epiglottis prevents the entry of food into wind pipe (glottis)
during swallowing.
c. Stomach- Oesophagus leads to stomach. The opening of
stomach is guarded by a sphincter (gastro-esophageal).
Stomach is divided into three parts- cardiac, fundic and
pyloric.
d. Small intestine- is the longest part of alimentary canal
divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Pyloric
sphincter is present between stomach and duodenum.
e. Large intestine- ileum opens into large intestine, which is divided into caecum, colon and
rectum. Caecum is a blind sac which host microbes. Vermiform appendix arises from
caecum. Rectum opens through anus.
Histology of Alimentary canal-
The wall of alimentary canal from
Oesophagus to rectum consists of four
layers.
a) Serosa- it is the outermost layer made
up of squamous epithelium and areolar
connective tissue.
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