MICR 221 TEST QUESTIONS WITH
REVISED ANSWERS
what happens in the investment phase - Answer-ATP used to phosphorylate sugar
6C sugar ring broken into two 3C chains
What happens in the payoff phase - Answer-oxidations and removal of phosphate
produced ATP and NADH
Net Products of glycolysis - Answer-2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH
products from pyruvate dehydrogenase - Answer-1 NADH
products of 1 full cycle of TCA - Answer-3 NADH
1 GTP (converted to 1 ATP)
1 FADH2 (gives less ATP)
Total products - Answer-1 x glycolysis, 2 x PDH, 2 x TCA =
10 NADH, 2 FADH, 2 ATP, 2 GTP
two major routes of ATP production - Answer-substrate level phosphorylation (SLP)
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)
Key features of all electron transport chains (4) - Answer-1) a membrane
2) membrane bound oxidative protein complexes
3) cofactors
4) membrane bound reductive protein complexes
morphology - Answer-arrangement of cells
aerobes electron acceptor - Answer-oxygen
anaerobes electron acceptor - Answer-exogenous
fermentation electron acceptor - Answer-endogenous (within the cell)
Archea - Answer-bacteria which grows in harsh environments
autotrophs - Answer-utilises only inorganic carbon in the form of carbon dioxide
, heterotrophs - Answer-utilise organic carbon (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids)
macronutrients - Answer-CHONSP
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
sulphur
phosphorus
transport media - Answer-maintain viability of organism without cell division
contains only buffers and salts
enriched media - Answer-contains general nutrient supplements to provide precursor
metabolites
enrichment media - Answer-encourages growth of particular organism
selective media - Answer-encourages growth of some organisms by inhibiting the
growth of others
Differential media - Answer-visually distinguish between organisms
blood agar - Answer-alpha haemolysis- green discolouration
beta haemolysis- completely clear zone
gama haemolysis- no homolysis
continuous culture - Answer-held in exponential stage of growth
Primary metabolites - Answer-essential for growth of microbe
produced during logarithmic phase/exponential
secondary metabolites - Answer-not essential for growth
accumulate during stationary phase
Aerobic environment and aerobes environment - Answer-high oxygen (atmospheric,
21% O2)
oxic environment
Microaerobic environment and microaerophiles environment - Answer-trace oxygen (2-
10% O2 or less)
hypoxic environments
Anaerobic envirnment and anaerobes environment - Answer-strictly 0% O2
anoxic Environment
REVISED ANSWERS
what happens in the investment phase - Answer-ATP used to phosphorylate sugar
6C sugar ring broken into two 3C chains
What happens in the payoff phase - Answer-oxidations and removal of phosphate
produced ATP and NADH
Net Products of glycolysis - Answer-2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH
products from pyruvate dehydrogenase - Answer-1 NADH
products of 1 full cycle of TCA - Answer-3 NADH
1 GTP (converted to 1 ATP)
1 FADH2 (gives less ATP)
Total products - Answer-1 x glycolysis, 2 x PDH, 2 x TCA =
10 NADH, 2 FADH, 2 ATP, 2 GTP
two major routes of ATP production - Answer-substrate level phosphorylation (SLP)
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)
Key features of all electron transport chains (4) - Answer-1) a membrane
2) membrane bound oxidative protein complexes
3) cofactors
4) membrane bound reductive protein complexes
morphology - Answer-arrangement of cells
aerobes electron acceptor - Answer-oxygen
anaerobes electron acceptor - Answer-exogenous
fermentation electron acceptor - Answer-endogenous (within the cell)
Archea - Answer-bacteria which grows in harsh environments
autotrophs - Answer-utilises only inorganic carbon in the form of carbon dioxide
, heterotrophs - Answer-utilise organic carbon (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids)
macronutrients - Answer-CHONSP
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
sulphur
phosphorus
transport media - Answer-maintain viability of organism without cell division
contains only buffers and salts
enriched media - Answer-contains general nutrient supplements to provide precursor
metabolites
enrichment media - Answer-encourages growth of particular organism
selective media - Answer-encourages growth of some organisms by inhibiting the
growth of others
Differential media - Answer-visually distinguish between organisms
blood agar - Answer-alpha haemolysis- green discolouration
beta haemolysis- completely clear zone
gama haemolysis- no homolysis
continuous culture - Answer-held in exponential stage of growth
Primary metabolites - Answer-essential for growth of microbe
produced during logarithmic phase/exponential
secondary metabolites - Answer-not essential for growth
accumulate during stationary phase
Aerobic environment and aerobes environment - Answer-high oxygen (atmospheric,
21% O2)
oxic environment
Microaerobic environment and microaerophiles environment - Answer-trace oxygen (2-
10% O2 or less)
hypoxic environments
Anaerobic envirnment and anaerobes environment - Answer-strictly 0% O2
anoxic Environment
