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LIFESCI 3M03 Module 3 Test Questions And Correct Detailed Answers Guaranteed Pass.
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MODULE 3 LECTURE 1: Define diffusion Which 4 factors does it depend on? What are the 2 components of random motion? - correct answer diffusion: random/non-directed motion of molecules and small particles in a liquid factors: 1) driving for...

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  • August 29, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • lifesci 3m03 module 3 test

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LIFESCI 3M03 Module 3 Test

MODULE 3 LECTURE 1:



Define diffusion



Which 4 factors does it depend on?



What are the 2 components of random motion? - correct answer diffusion:
random/non-directed motion of molecules and small particles in a liquid



factors:

1) driving force (i.e. gradient, temp.)

2) mechanical resistance of the surrounding medium

3) structural properties of the molecule

4) active forces causing non-thermal fluctuations (i.e. contraction/relaxation of cytoskeleton moves
cytoplasm causing active diffusion)



components of random motion:

1) passive/thermal component

2) active/motor-driven component



How does the function of diffusion differ between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?



What is the function of diffusion in embryos?



When is diffusion favourable? - correct answer prokaryotes: suitable for
transportation

,eukaryotes:

- suitable for transportation in micro-environments

- provides primary basis for signal transduction network in cytoplasm



embryos: important in development (i.e. morphogenesis to establish embryonic domains)



favourable when: molecules must travel relatively short distances



Time scales in diffusion:



- diffusion is dependant on _________



- why is diffusion sufficient at the synaptic cleft?



- as the distance traveled increases, the time it takes _________ - correct answer
- diffusion is dependent on DISTANCE THAT MUST BE TRAVELLED



- synaptic cleft: small distance must be traveled for molecule to have an effect (i.e. diffusion can occur
quickly)



- as distance increases, time also increases



Active Transport:



- Why is active transport needed between different cellular components and living cells?



- What are 2 characteristics of active transport?



- What are the 2 active transport mechanisms seen? - correct answer - cellular
components/living cells: associations between them cannot be accomplished by diffusion alone

,1) directed motion via molecular motors along biopolymers (i.e. MTs or MFs)

2) useful when movement is required along long distances

------------

1) assembly/disassembly of cytoskeletal filaments

2) molecular motor-directed active motion



Molecular Motors:



- Important for transport of which 3 components within a cell?



- What is required for their function?



- How is movement achieved? - correct answer - molecules, particles,
organelles



- ATP or GTP hydrolysis



- chemo-mechanical coupling: chemical energy from ATP/GTP is converted into force via conformational
changes in motor proteins



Classes of Molecular Motors:



- What are the 4 classes of molecular motors, and how do they function? - correct answer
1) polymerization motors: use actin/MT assembly to help cells generate direct force during movement



2) translational motors: move in a directional step-like fashion along polymerized protein track



3) translocation motors: help thread/pass through a hole (i.e. push/pull actions)

, 4) rotary motors: embedded in cell membrane and use rotation of mechanical elements to generate
torque



Cytoplasmic Streaming:



- what is it?

- where is this phenomenon observed? (5)

- what is its proposed purpose? - correct answer - cytoplasmic streaming:
circulation of cellular fluid (i.e. cyclosis) driven by motor proteins walking along filaments containing
organelles



- large cells in: algae, plants, amoebae, nematodes, flies



- purpose: by-product of transportation (i.e. may help overcome slowness of diffusion in large cells)



Cytoplasmic Streaming in Algal cells:



- which 2 components was myosin V found to interact with?



- what do actin filaments serve as?



- what is seen as vesicles move along actin filaments? - correct answer - ER and
stationary actin bundles



- actin filaments: serve as TRACKS for motor proteins



- as vesicles move, cytoplasm moves with it (i.e. directional/stream-like movement)



MODULE 3 LECTURE 2:

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