Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 3 Physical Development and Biological Aging
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Chapter 3 Physical Development and Biological Aging
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3Student:
1. According to the cephalocaudal growth pattern, which of the following is likely to show fast growth first?
A. legs
B. hands
C. brain
D. stomach
2. According to the proximodistal growth pattern, which of the following is likely to show growth earlier?
A. toes
B. fingers
C. feet and hands
D. legs and arms
3. Which of the following indicates that growth progresses from the top of the body to the bottom?
A. cephalocaudal
B. proximodistal
C. sarcopenia
D. lateralization
4. In prenatal development, the head and its features grow in size and differentiation before the neck,
shoulders, trunk, and limbs. What is this pattern of development called?
A. proximodistal
B. cephalocaudal
C. sarcopenia
D. lateralization
5. Which growth pattern sequence indicates that growth progresses from the center of the body toward the
extremities?
A. cephalocaudal
B. proximodistal
C. sarcopenia
D. lateralization
6. Baby Kassie can slap the tray of the highchair but cannot pick up small pieces of cereal with her fingers
yet. This is an example of
A. a neurological disorder.
B. the cephalocaudal pattern in physical growth.
C. a congenital birth defect.
D. the proximodistal pattern in physical growth.
7. Sammi was born 3 days ago and has lost 3 percent of her body weight. Should her parents be concerned?
A. Yes. Sammi's parents should consult her pediatrician immediately.
B. No. Babies normally lose between 5 and 7 percent of their body weight within the first few days after
birth.
C. No. Babies normally lose between 9 and 12 percent of their body weight within the first few days after
birth.
D Maybe. Sammi's parents should begin supplementing breast-feeding with baby formula and weigh her
. twice a day to ensure no more weight is lost.
,8. Average North American babies double their birth weight by what age?
A. 1 month
B. 4 months
C. 8 months
D. 10 months
9. Marcia's baby boy weighed 8 pounds at birth. How much should he weigh by 4 months of age?
A. 10 pounds
B. 12 pounds
C. 16 pounds
D. 24 pounds
10. During the second year of life, a child's growth rate
A. remains the same as the growth rate in the first year of life.
B. accelerates considerably.
C. slows considerably.
D. accelerates for physical characteristics and slows for mental processes.
11. Beginning in early childhood, girls have more tissue than boys, and boys have more tissue
than girls.
A. fatty; muscle
B. organ; brain
C. brain; organ
D. muscle; fatty
12. During the early childhood years, girls are generally than boys.
A. much larger
B. much smaller
C. slightly larger
D. slightly smaller
13. Leon is unusually shorter than his peers. It could be because
A. he inherited the kind of genotype from his parents.
B. he suffers certain growth hormone deficiency.
C. his mother smoked while pregnant.
D. All of these answers are correct.
14. Physical changes in middle and late childhood occur
A. at approximately the same rate as those in adolescence.
B. more slowly than those in early childhood and more quickly than those in adolescence.
C. in three rapid spurts.
D. in a slow, consistent manner.
15. Which of the following changes are most pronounced in middle and late childhood?
A. changes in proportions
B. changes in weight
C. changes in height
D. changes in brain size
16. What is the period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs in
early adolescence known as?
A. spermarche
B. gonadarche
C. puberty
D. menarche
,17. During early adolescence, girls are generally than boys.
A. taller
B. stronger
C. heavier
D. smarter
18. Girls’ first menstrual cycle is called
A. menarche.
B. monarchy.
C. estradiol.
D. puberty.
19. Which of the following statements about growth spurts during puberty is TRUE?
A. It occurs approximately two years earlier for boys than for girls.
B. It occurs approximately two years earlier for girls than for boys.
C. It occurs at approximately the same time for boys and girls.
D. It is highly variable depending on individuals and occurs at a range of ages during adolescence.
20. Menarche occurs during what part of puberty?
A. just before puberty
B. early stage of puberty
C. in the middle of puberty
D. rather late during puberty
21. Which part of the body controls growth and regulates other glands?
A. pituitary gland
B. hypothalamus
C. gonad
D. thyroid gland
22. Which part of the body monitors eating and sexual behavior?
A. pituitary gland
B. hypothalamus
C. thyroid gland
D. adrenal gland
23. The class of hormones that stimulate the testes and the ovaries is known as .
A. cortisols
B. gonadotropins
C. androgens
D. estradiols
24. The chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands that are carried by the bloodstream are known
as .
A. gonadotropin
B. neurotransmitters
C. gonads
D. hormones
25. is a hormone associated in boys with the development of genitals, increases in height, and change
of voice.
A. Cortisol
B. Estrogen
C. Estradiol
D. Testosterone
, 26. is a hormone associated in girls with breast, uterine, and skeletal development.
A. Cortisol
B. Estradiol
C. Androgens
D. Testosterone
27. Thirteen-year-old Melissa's blood tests indicate testosterone levels twice as high as last year and estradiol
levels eight times higher than last year. Melissa is most likely experiencing
A. normal changes as a result of having entered puberty.
B. difficulties due to significant imbalances in hormonal levels.
C. abnormal development due to the presence of male hormones in the body.
D. abnormal development due to the excessive increase of female hormones.
28. Which of the following factors affects puberty's timing and makeup?
A. nutrition
B. health
C. eating patterns and stress
D. All of these answers are correct?
29. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding puberty for girls and boys?
A. Testosterone is present in boys only, and estradiol is present in girls only.
B. The peak rate of pubertal change occurs at the age of 12 for both boys and girls.
C. Both male and female adolescents are preoccupied with their bodies.
D. In the United States, children mature up to two years later than children in European countries.
30. Samantha lives in the United States and was 14½ years old when she experienced menarche. Samantha is
A. slightly younger than average for menarche in Europe.
B. entering puberty outside of the lower end of the normal range.
C. within the normal range.
D. entering puberty outside of the upper end of the normal range.
31. The age at which puberty arrives dropped quickly throughout the 20th century. What might account for
this change?
A. greenhouse effects on climate
B. improved health and nutrition
C. less manual labor requirements for adolescents
D. amounts of radiation from electric appliances
32. Joe is a late-maturing boy. How will his self-identity in his 30s compare to the self-identity of his early-
maturing peers?
A. more negative
B. more positive
C. about the same
D. There has not been any research in this area.
33. James is going through puberty quite early. Research indicates that James is likely to
A. be rejected by his peers.
B. have a more negative self-image than his late-maturing peers.
C. have a more positive self-image than his late-maturing peers.
D. be highly successful in his later career.
34. Andrea is an early-maturing adolescent. How does her self-image compare to the self-images of her late-
maturing peers?
A. more negative
B. more positive
C. about the same
D. There has not been any research in this area.
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