Exam (elaborations)

BCH4024 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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BCH4024

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BCH4024

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Uploaded on August 31, 2024
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bch4024
bch4024 test 1 questions
diffusion limited process
bch4024 test 1 questions with complete solutions

Institution BCH4024
Course BCH4024

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BCH4024 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
diffusion-limited process: - Answer-reaction rate is determined by how fast reactants
collide

the Protonation and deprotonation of macromolecules? - Answer-acid/base groups on
surface react immediately

acid/base groups deep inside may never ionize

hydrogen bonds of buried helices and beta-sheets require the "conformation breathing"
-local unfolding

Pepsin - Answer-a digestive enzyme secreted into gastric juice, having a pH of 1.5
allowing pepsin to act optimally

Trypsin - Answer-a digestive enzyme that acts in the small intestine, and has a pH
optimum that matches the neutral pH in the lumen of the small intestine.

Alkaline phosphatase - Answer-a hydrolytic enzyme that
operates well enough at neutral pH of intestine.

"Weak"
Noncovalent
Interactions - Answer--Individually weak, but the aggregate
effect is very significant

-Allows proteins & nucleic acids to fold & unfold

four types of noncovalent (weak) interaction among biomolecules in aques solvent -
Answer-1. hydrogen bonds between neutral groups and peptide bonds
2. ionic interactions such as attraction and repulsion
3. hydrophobic interactions
4. van der waals interactions

Gibbs Free energy (ΔG)
Strengths of Noncovalent Interactions - Answer-(-) to make;; (+) to break

Hydrogen Bonds
Strengths of Noncovalent Interactions - Answer-Intrinsically polar interaction
R-N-H•••••O=C-R
(acid base reaction)

,requires proton donor(EP) and proton acceptor (EN)

linear bond=strong H bond
bent bond=weak H bond

ΔG ≈ 4 - 40 kJ/mol

Electrostatic
Strengths of Noncovalent Interactions - Answer-Opposite Charges Attract
& Like Charges Repel

ΔG ≈ 4 - 40 kJ/mol

Salt bridge
Strengths of Noncovalent Interactions - Answer-H-bonding + Electrostatics
e.g. carboxylate (R-COO-) i protonated amine (R-NH3+)

ΔG ≈ 40 - 400 kJ/mol

Hydrophobic interactions
Strengths of Noncovalent Interactions - Answer-Displacement of water is driven by
favorable entropy

ΔG ≈ 0.4 - 4 kJ/mol

Pi stacking
Strengths of Noncovalent Interactions - Answer-Stacking of aromatic rings
greater e- delocalization

ΔG ≈ 0.4 - 4 kJ/mol

van der Waals interactions
Strengths of Noncovalent Interactions - Answer-Very weak forces between oscillating
dipoles.

ΔG ≈ 0.4 - 4 kJ/mol

Hydrogen Bonds
are found throughout Nature - Answer-between peptide groups in polypeptides

between complementary bases of DNA (T+A)

the properties
of the universal solvent

improve solubility

, Essential for biospecific recognition.

Easy to make & break (allows fast kinetics)

what are "NOT true bonds" - Answer-No overlapping of atomic or molecular orbitals

The Gibbs Equation - Answer-(ΔG = ΔH - TΔS)

Contrary to intuition, water binds tightly to apolar groups, such
that ΔHwater-binding << 0 (conversely: ΔHwater-release >> 0).

Hydrophobic interaction results in release of water molecules
increases randomness: ΔSwater-release >> 0.

Hydrophobic Interactions - Answer-The Gibbs Equation (ΔG = ΔH - TΔS) is guiding

Strictly speaking, these stabilizing interactions are NOT true bonds

Water - Answer-very polar; making hard to break bonds between molecules using more
energy

Clusters, liquid H2O is disordered cluster
-explaining: viscosity, High B.P., and Heat capacity.

Accessible Melting Point

Low B.P.

Polarity

lifetime of H-Bond - Answer-1-20 ps (10^-12s)

Liquid H2O - Answer-Flickering Strucker

disordered collection of clusters

3.4 H-Bonds

*Structure and Hydrogen Bonding of H2O

Ice - Answer-4 H-Bonds

Expands and rips apart cellulosic and woody plants (The Carbon Cycle - Facilitates
biological turnover)

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Exam (elaborations)

BCH4024 TEST 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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