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Mythology Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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Mythology Exam 1 Questions and Answers Differentiate between different types of myths Pure or Divine Myth: Stories about the creation of the world, the gods, and their relationship with humans Legend or Saga: Stories that have their origin as a true (or what is believed to be true) story - the "...

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  • September 1, 2024
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  • differentiate between different types of myths pur
  • explain the rationale behind the argument that myt

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Mythology Exam 1 Questions and
Answers
Differentiate between different types of myths - answer Pure or Divine Myth: Stories
about the creation of the world, the gods, and their relationship with humans
Legend or Saga: Stories that have their origin as a true (or what is believed to be true)
story - the "kernel of truth" of the myth
Folktale: Stories involving magic, monsters, quests "once upon a time" and "they lived
happily ever after" myths

Explain the rationale behind the argument that myth expresses Truth more effectively
than science or other manifestations of human learning - answer Human knowledge
can change, and change quickly. Myth is eternal, universal, and subject to
reinterpretation, but not obsolescence... so myth is more true than we might think

Describe the Personification Theory - answer The personalities and powers of the
gods reflect some natural phenomenon (essentially an etiological approach to myth)

Explain the origins of Euhemerism and describe this approach to understanding the
origins of myths - answer Euhemerism: named for Euhemerus - a mythographer of
the late 300s B.C.E
Gods and heroes were really just powerful humans who underwent apotheosis
(becoming a god) after death

Identify Max Müller and explain his theory of understanding the meaning behind myths -
answer Max Muller: myth as allegory: similar to personification but one step back
Gods are not actually different observable phenomena, but they are representative of
the same thing

Describe the basic approach that Ritualists take in interpreting myth. - answer Myth
implies ritual and ritual implies myth - they are always inextricably linked in some way

Explain James Frazer's theories about the myth-ritual connection and the evolution of
human belief and thought. - answer Stage 1 - Magic: man believes that nature can
be controlled through rituals like sympathetic magic
Stage 2 - When magic fails, humans are at the mercy of the gods
Stage 3 - Humans understand the laws of nature, religion's power wanes

Describe Walter Burkert's theories about the relationship between myth and ritual and
the function of myth as a socializing agent in humans. - answer Myth and ritual
existed separately at first, but gradually, the two coordinated with one another. Myth and
ritual combine and persist to establish and reinforce social order

,Describe Sigmund Freud's theory of the Oedipus Complex and how this theory
illustrates his ideas about how myth relates to the human psyche. - answer Myths
are conscious manifestations of the human subconscious mind.
So myths have relevance to understanding suppressed human tears or desires

Describe Carl Jung's concept of the collective unconscious and how this theory
illustrates his ideas about the relationship of myth to the human psyche - answer
Collective unconscious: unconscious shared by humans

Explain Claude Levi-Strauss' ideas about using Structuralism to interpret the meaning of
myth. - answer Binary opposition: humans understand the world by division into
opposing categories
A function of myth is the reconcile binary constructions

Explain Vladimir Propp's approach to analyzing myth from a Structuralist perspective
and describe what he discovered. - answer He discovers of distinct, recurring
motifemes - story elements (31 elements)
This constructed the framework of the "Hero's Journey"

Identify the dates of the Minoan civilization, its geographical location, the derivation of
its name and the archaeologist who first uncovered its remains. - answer Dates:
2600-1100 B.C.E.
Location: Crete
Name: Refers to King Minos of Crete
Discoverer: Sir Arthur Evans

Identify the largest of the Minoan settlements (palace complexes) and describe the
political organization of Minoan society. - answer Knossos was the largest palace
Political organization: Centers of admin, storage and distributions that were organized
into 8 zones, controlled by palaces, possibly matriarchal

Describe Minoan society, including agricultural practices, modes of dress, language and
writing - answer Agriculture: raised a wide variety of crops and animals, kept bees,
possibly raised poppies for opium, saffron, possibly employed polyculture
Dress: men wore loincloths or kilt-like coverings. Women wore ornate dresses that left
breasts exposed
Writing: Used "Linear A" script, currently undeciphered

Describe culture, including Minoan religion, contacts with other civilizations and cultural
influence - answer Religion: Worship a chthonic Mother Goddess where females
were prominent in religious ceremonies.
Contacts: Thucydides - Minoans a Thalassocracy (control the sea), Well connected with
Egypt and the rest of the Mediterranean world by trade
Influence: Culturally and politically dominant over the early Mycenaeans, minimal
fortification to on land buildings... Bull jumping was quite important

, Summarize the current theories about the end of the Minoan civilization. - answer
The destruction of Thera: Thera suffered a category 7/8 event on the Volcanic
Explosively Index
Ash blanketed the region and blocked the sun
Generation of a 115-500 foot tsunami was likely critical, destroying Minoan ships
Mycenaeans invade and take over the island by 1400 B.C.E.

Identify the dates of the Mycenaean civilization, its geographical location, the derivation
of its name and the archaeologist who first uncovered its remains - answer Dates:
1600-1100 B.C.E
Location: Mainland Greece
Discoverer: Meinrich Schliemann

Describe the political organization of Mycenaean society and the role of the palace
complexes in this system. - answer A martial people: overwhelming evidence of a
war-like people
Citadels were the major palaces. Each citadel led by a wanax (king) who oversaw a
bureaucracy of elites. People who lived by citadels were organized by the bureaucrats
to produce what was needed.
Key idea: Mearon (religious and diplomatic importance

Describe Mycenaean society, including agricultural practices, modes of dress, language
and writing - answer Dress and Agriculture: Very similar to the Minoans in most
respects. Tight control by the citadels, quotas to be met
Language: Spoke an Indo-European language which was an extremely early form of
Greek. "Linear B", wrote on tablets that have been discovered

Describe Mycenaean culture, including religion, relationship with the Minoan civilization
and prominence of martial pursuits. - answer Religion: Poseidon seems prominent,
and a chthonic deity, possible worship of Mother Earth deity along side celestial male
deities
Evidence from Frescoes suggests high interest in martial pursuits

Summarize the current theories about the end of the Mycenaean civilization - answer
Old Theory: The "Dorian Invasion" - Supported by mythical echo of Heraclediae or
"Sons of Heracles" taking over Greece
The "system collapse" Theory: Sea people came and took over

Describe the society of Dark Age Greece, explain how it differed significantly from the
Mycenaean society that preceded it and how this society provided the foundation for
later Greek social organization. - answer After the Mycenaean Age, Greece
depopulates, but small, geographically isolated settlements appear - the foundation for
the polis of later Greek History
Rural culture continues, but sophisticated organization disappears
The wanax is replaced by the basileus: the Mycenaean name for "major" or other low-
level official

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