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3009PSY EOT EXAM || with 100% Verified Solutions.
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No, every culture has a substance which they have used and abused. correct answers Is substance use a new thing? In adolescents and young adulthood. However research has shown that people are using alot less alcohol and drugs than they use to across ages. correct answers when does illicit dr...

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  • September 3, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • no every culture has a substance which they have

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3009PSY EOT EXAM || with 100% Verified Solutions.
No, every culture has a substance which they have used and abused. correct answers Is substance
use a new thing?

In adolescents and young adulthood.

However research has shown that people are using alot less alcohol and drugs than they use to
across ages. correct answers when does illicit drug use peak?

- Medications (Available per prescription only).
e.g. morphine

- illegal/illicit drug use (use and possession unlawful for non-med purposes).
e.g. heroin and cannabis.

- Legal (use for any purpose, including non-med is lawful).
e.g. alcohol, Tobacco, and caffeine. correct answers What are the legal status groups that
psychoactive substances can be classified into?

- Chronic health effects (e.g. lung cancer)

- Acute/short term biological effects (overdose and impaired judgement)

- acute social problems (e.g. relationship breakup or arrest)

- chronic social problems (e.g. problems in work life, problems in family role). correct answers
what are the four categories that harmful substance effects can be put into?

- harmful use: a pattern of psychoactive substance use that is causing physical or psychological
health.

- Hazardous use: patterns of psychoactive substance use that increases risk of harmful
consequences for the user.

- substance abuse: persistent or sporadic use, inconsistent with or unrelated to current medical
practise. A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically insignificant impairment or
distress. correct answers what are some of the WHO definitions for substance use?

including: harmful use, hazardous use, substance abuse.

it is either a need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or, Markedly
diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance. correct answers what
is tolerance?

,It is either the characteristics of withdrawal syndrome for the substance, or the same (or closely
related) substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms. correct answers what is
withdrawal?

It is classified by three or more of the following in the same 12 month period:
- tolerance
- withdrawal
- substance taken in large amount or for longer periods than intended.
- desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down use
- excessive time spent in activities related to the substance
- reduction in important social/occupational/etc activities.
- continued use despite negative consequences of use. correct answers According to the DSM,
what is substance dependence?

it is when people who have been drug or alcohol free for a while, can rapidly return to their
addiction. correct answers what is rapid reinstatement?

- classical conditioning:

- operant conditioning:

- modelling of drug use.

- expectancies

- refusal self-efficacy

- high-risk situations

- seemingly irrelevant decisions

- abstinence violation effect correct answers what are the psychological mechanisms for
substance use?

It is a severe type of alcohol withdrawal. it commences a few hours after cessation, peaking at
48-72 hours later.

it is life threatening in up to 35% of cases.

symptoms include:
- seizure
- confusion
- hallucination
- severe agitation correct answers What are delirium tremens and the symptoms?

- sense of well being and relaxation

, - intensification of sensory experience.
- increased heart rate and blood pressure
- dry mouth
- increased appetite
- sedation
- anxiety
- paranoia
- memory effect correct answers what are the effects of cannabis?

Intense euphoria, analgesia, sedation, sluggish movement and reflexes, pupil constriction, and
slowed respiration. correct answers what are the effects of opiates?

- Euphoria wellbeing
- confidence
- increased activity
- talkativeness
- improved attention
- alertness and wakefulness
- increased heart rate and respiration rate
- increased body temp
- appetite suppression. correct answers what are the stimulant drug effects?

Unlike other substances (e.g. cannabis), sufficiently large doses of amphetamine will produce
psychotic symptoms in all users, including:

- Paranoid delusions
- agitation
- confusion
-compulsive symptoms
- stereotypies. correct answers what are the effects of large doses of amphetamines?

- Euphoria
- enhanced empathy
- enhanced interceptive perception
- pupil dilation
- reduced appetite
- dry mouth
- tachycardia
- hyperthermia
- polydipsia. correct answers what are the effects of MDMA?

- Visual hallucinations (geometric shapes, patterns, movement, traces)

- Increased intensity of stimulus (enhancement of colour)

- Synaesthesia

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