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SSM TCAR review QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2024/2025
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SSM TCAR review QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2024/2025
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SSM TCAR reviewWhat are the definitive alternatives for pelvic fracture stabilization and hemorrhage
manipulate? - ANSExternal Fixation
Interventional Radiology
Open reduction & Internal fixation
How are closed mid-shaft femur fractures controlled? - ANSIntramedullary nail fixation
What makes a fracture comminuted? - ANSThe bone is in a couple of portions
Physiologic standards for trauma middle care? - ANSSBP<ninety
Resp price <10 or >29
GCS <14
What is Kinematics? - ANSThe process of predicting potential injuries based on analysis of
the forces involved
Dose of energy is? - ANSThe nature and amount of force
Characteristic of wounding agent? - ANSType of energy and how it was applied
Force - ANSThe dose of energy involved
Which gender is the majority of trauma? - ANSMale
Incidence of trauma peaks at what age? - ANSTeens and young adult
Blunt trauma Classifications include? - ANSMVA
Auto vs. Pedestrian
Falls
Struck by or against an object
Trauma mortality based on organ system failure? - ANS1 organ system failure=4%
2 organ system failures=32%
3 organ system failures=67%
4 organ system failures=90%
What are the four collisions? - ANS1. The vehicle
2. The occupants
3. The internal organs
4. The secondary impacts
Energy transmission in a rollover depends on? - ANSDeceleration distance
,Energy is dissipated over the distance of the roll and whether or not the occupants are
restrained
Car vs pedestrian injuries depend on? - ANSPoint of contact with the care
Height of hood & bumper
Size & weight of vehicle
Height of patient
Direction patient was facing when struck
What is the most common mechanism of injury in all age groups? - ANSFalls
Factors predicting fall injuries are? - ANSFall height (velocity)
Landing surface (deceleration distance)
Point of impact on the body
Wound ballistics- permanent cavity - ANSCavity is the a function of the size, shape, and
characteristic of the missile (mass)
For every second of fall time, speed increases by? - ANSSpeed increases by approximately
20 MPH
Define Shock? - ANSA state in which cellular oxygen demand exceeds supply
When the cost of tissue oxygen is higher than the body can pay, an oxygen debt develops.
Types of shock per TCAR? - ANSPumps-Site of defect heart
Pipes- site of defect is artery, veins or capillaries
Fluid-intravascular, interstitial or intracellular
VS in shock? - ANSNarrow pulse pressure
Tachycardia
Low CO
How many ATP molecules are produced with oxygen & glucose? - ANS32 ATP molecules
How many ATP molecules are produced without oxygen? - ANS2 ATP molecules
Normal pH? - ANSRefernce range is 7.35-7.45, but actual normal range is 7.38-7.42
What is the footprint of shock? - ANSLactic Acidosis
What 2 things affect the amount of oxygen availalbe to the cells? - ANSTemperature & pH,
which is the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation shift to the right? - ANSAcidosis, elevated temp
More oxygen available to the cells
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift to the left? - ANSHypothermia, alkalosis
Less oxygen available to the cells
, H & H is a measure of ? - ANSIt is a measure of hemodilution rather than blood loss.
What are the hormonal responses to shock? - ANSPromote body water retentions by
secretion of ADH & activation of RAAS
What are the inflammatory responses to shock? - ANSSIRS
Which is a production of pro-inflammatory mediators, histamine release, and capillary
leakage
Inadvertent esophageal intubation assessment findings include? - ANSGastric distention,
absent breath sounds,
minimal chest wall movement and
rapid deterioration
What is the normal PaCO2 and what does it measure? - ANSNormal is 35-45 mmHg
It is the measurement of ventilation
Clinical assessment- rate, depth, and work of breathing
What is the normal PaO2 and what does it measure? - ANSNormal is 80-100 mmHG
It is a measurement of diffusion
It reflects a problems with alveoli or pulmonary circulation
How do you calculate expected PaO2? - ANSFIO2 x 5
If it's less than expected for a given FIO2, it is a diffusion problem
What does of P:F ratio measure and how is it calculated? - ANSIt measures the extent of
pulmonary shunting. It quantifies the relationship between what goes into the lungs and what
gets into the blood.
PaO2/FiO2
What is a normal P:F ratio? - ANSNormal is >450,
decrease numbers are worse
Patients who are very touchy to supplemental oxygen are telling us they've what form of
problems? - ANSIt is an expansion trouble
What is DO2? - ANSIt is oxygen shipping.
It is impacted through manipulating:
SpO2, Hgb, and CO
What is Vo2? - ANSOxygen intake or use. (It is the distinction among the oxygen
despatched (SaO2) to the cells and the quantity that returns to the heart (SvO2) )
Normal VO2 is a hundred and eighty-280
Lactic acid is the marker of what? - ANSTissue ischemia -anaerobic metabolism
Normal serum lactate is <2
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