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Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 3, Genetics and Inheritance, Exercise & Self-Check Answer Key with Complete Solutions
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Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 3, Genetics and Inheritance, Exercise & Self-Check Answer Key with Complete Solutions What is a genotype? The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by the combination of alleles. What is a phenotype? The observable physical or biochemical cha...

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  • September 6, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Penn Foster - Biology Lesson 3,
Genetics and Inheritance, Exercise &
Self-Check Answer Key with Complete
Solutions

What is a genotype?


✔✔ The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by the combination of alleles.




What is a phenotype?


✔✔ The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism determined by the

genotype and environment.




What is the principle of segregation in genetics?


✔✔ The principle stating that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for each gene

separate so that each gamete carries only one allele.




What does homozygous mean?


✔✔ Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.




1

,What does heterozygous mean?


✔✔ Having two different alleles for a particular gene.




What is a dominant allele?


✔✔ An allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present.




What is a recessive allele?


✔✔ An allele that expresses its trait only when two copies are present.




What is the purpose of a Punnett square?


✔✔ To predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.




What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?


✔✔ The principle stating that genes for different traits are passed independently of one another

from parents to offspring.




What is a carrier in genetic terms?




2

,✔✔ An individual who has one recessive allele for a trait and does not exhibit the trait but can

pass the allele to offspring.




What is a genetic mutation?


✔✔ A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in phenotype.




What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?


✔✔ Incomplete dominance results in a blend of traits, while codominance results in both traits

being fully expressed.




What is a test cross?


✔✔ A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive

individual to determine the genotype of the former.




What does Mendel's Law of Segregation state?


✔✔ That each individual has two alleles for each gene, which segregate during gamete

formation, and each gamete carries only one allele.




What is a monohybrid cross?

3

, ✔✔ A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits.




What is a dihybrid cross?


✔✔ A cross between individuals that examines the inheritance of two different traits.




What is the role of alleles in inheritance?


✔✔ Alleles are different versions of a gene that contribute to the organism’s genotype and

influence its phenotype.




What is a Punnett square used for?


✔✔ To calculate the probabilities of different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring.




What is a linkage group?


✔✔ A set of genes on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.




How can mutations be beneficial?


✔✔ They can lead to new traits that may provide an advantage in a changing environment.




4

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