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Penn Foster Introduction to Biology Questions and Answers 100% Pass What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in synthesizing lipids and proteins? The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids, while the rough endoplasmic reticulum helps in protein synthesis. How do prokaryotic ...

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Penn Foster Introduction to Biology
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in synthesizing lipids and proteins?


✔✔ The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids, while the rough endoplasmic

reticulum helps in protein synthesis.




How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?


✔✔ Through binary fission, where the cell divides into two identical cells.




What is the purpose of the central vacuole in plant cells?


✔✔ To maintain cell rigidity and store nutrients, waste products, and pigments.




What is the function of the peroxisome in a cell?


✔✔ To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances using hydrogen peroxide.




Which part of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA replication?


✔✔ The S phase (Synthesis phase) of interphase.




1

,What process involves the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?


✔✔ Osmosis




Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in cellular movement and shape changes?


✔✔ Microfilaments




What is the term for the cellular process that requires energy to move substances out of the cell?


✔✔ Exocytosis




How do cells in multicellular organisms communicate with each other?


✔✔ Through cell signaling mechanisms such as hormones and neurotransmitters.




What is the function of centrioles during cell division?


✔✔ To help organize microtubules and form the mitotic spindle.




Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ATP from glucose?


✔✔ Mitochondria




2

,What is the role of ribozymes in a cell?


✔✔ To catalyze biochemical reactions, specifically in RNA processing and splicing.




What is the function of the plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer?


✔✔ To provide a selective barrier that regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell.




What process do cells use to engulf large particles or other cells?


✔✔ Phagocytosis




What is the role of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?


✔✔ To provide structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells.




How does the structure of a cell membrane contribute to its function?


✔✔ Its semi-permeable nature allows for selective transport of molecules, maintaining

homeostasis.




What is the function of the nucleoid region in prokaryotic cells?


✔✔ To contain the cell’s genetic material.

3

, What is the primary difference between plant and animal cells in terms of energy production?


✔✔ Plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells rely solely on

mitochondria for energy production.




What is the term for the network of protein fibers that supports the cell’s shape and aids in

intracellular transport?


✔✔ Cytoskeleton




Which organelle is responsible for assembling ribosomal subunits from RNA and proteins?


✔✔ Nucleolus




What is the primary function of the cell’s cytoplasm?


✔✔ To house the organelles and facilitate intracellular processes.




What role do molecular chaperones play in the cell?


✔✔ They assist in the proper folding and assembly of proteins.




4

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