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Summary AP World History Exam Study Guide 2024
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AP World History Exam Study Guide 2024Civilization - An ambiguous term often used to denote more complex societies but
sometimes used by anthropologists to describe any group of people sharing a set
of cultural traits.
Foragers - People who support themselves by hunting wild animals and gathering
wild edible plants and insects.
Cuneiform - A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented
words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for
Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of
western Asia. Because so many symbols had to be learned, literacy was confined
to a relatively small group of administrators and scribes.
History - The study of past events and changes in the development, transmission,
and transformation of cultural practices.
City-state - A small independent state consisting of an urban center and the
surrounding agricultural territory. A characteristic political form in early
Mesopotamia, classical Greece, Phoenicia, and early Italy.
,AP World History Exam Study Guide 2024
Culture - Socially transmitted patterns of action and expression. Material _____
refers to physical objects, such as dwellings, clothing, tools, and crafts. _____ also
includes arts, beliefs, knowledge, and technology.
Agricultural Revolution/Neolithic Revolution-When? - The change from food
gathering to food production that occurred between 8000 and 2000 B.C.E.,
independently in various parts of the world. This also includes the domestication
of plants and animals.
Paleolithic - The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans.
It predates the Neolithic period.
Neolithic - The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural
Revolution (s). It follows the Paleolithic period.
Mohenjo-Darro - Largest of the cities of the Indus Valley civilization. It was
centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River in contemporary
Pakistan. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley
communities, but the large scale of construction at Mohenjo-Daro, the orderly
grid for streets, and the standardization of building materials are evidence of
central planning.
,AP World History Exam Study Guide 2024
Name the 4 river valleys where civilization began. - 1) Mesopotamia, 2) Egypt, 3)
Pakistan, 4) northern China
What are the characteristics of civilization? - 1) Cities that serve as administrative
centers, 2) a political system based on control of defined territory, 3)
specialization, 4) status based on wealth, 5) monumental buildings, 6) a writing
system, 7) long distance trade, and 8) major advancements in science and art.
Loess - A fine, light silt deposited by wind and water. It constitutes the fertile soil
of the Yellow River Valley in northern China. Because _____ soil is not compacted,
it can be worked with a simple digging stick, but it leaves the region vulnerable to
devastating earthquakes.
Daoism - Chinese school of thought, originating in the Warring States Period with
Laozi. Daoism offered an alternative to the Confucian emphasis on hierarchy and
duty. Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute
morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles,
and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or "path" of nature.
Legalism - An authoritarian political philosophy that came to be called ____. These
thinkers believe human nature is essentially wicked and that people behave in an
orderly fashion only if compelled by strict laws and harsh punishments.
, AP World History Exam Study Guide 2024
Confucius - Western name for the Chinese philosopher Konzi (551-479 B.C.E.). His
doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese
thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials.
Mandate of Heaven - Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the
Zhou, according to which it was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to
grant power to the rule of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to
conduct himself justly and in the best interests of his subjects.
Shang - The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have
written records (ca. 1750-1045 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of
oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major
elements of _____ culture.
Hittites - A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia
and Syria in the late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and
military power based on chariot forces, the _____ vied with New Kingdom Egypt
for control of Syria-Palestine before falling to unidentified attackers ca. 1200 B.C.E.
Hatshepsut - Queen of Egypt (r. 1473-1458 B.C.E.). She dispatched a naval
expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly northeast Sudan or Eretria), the
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