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PHGY209 - Blood Study Set Exam
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PHGY209 - Blood StudySet Exam
Composition of Buffy Layer - Answer White blood cells
Platelets
Functions of Blood - Answer Transport
Acid-base balance
Protective
What percentage of blood is plasma? - Answer about 55%
What percentage of body weight is blood? - Answer ~7%
= ~5L
Define Normovolemia - Answer normal blood volume
Define Hypovolemia - Answer lower blood volume
Define Hypervolemia - Answer higher blood volume
Define Hematocrit - Answer it is the percentage of blood volume that is occupied by
RBCs (normal value = ~45%)
Composition of plasma: - Answer 1) >90% water
2) high Na+ and Cl-, some HCO3-, low K+, Ca++, Mg++, PO4-
3) Nutrients - Glucose, amino acids, lipids, O2, CO2 (high turn over so small amount in
plasma at any given time)
4) Proteins 7g% (albumins- 60%, globulins- 35%, fibrinogen- 5%)
What are the ways to separate plasma proteins? - Answer 1. Differential precipitation by
salts
2. Sedimentation in ultracentrifuge
3. Electrophoretic mobility
4. Immunological characteristics
, Define Electrophoresis - Answer Fractionation method based on movement of charged
particles along a voltage gradient.
Rate of migration is influenced by the number and distribution of charges and by the MW
of each protein.
In serum, what plasma protein is removed? - Answer Fibrinogen - since it causes the
clotting of the blood/plasma.
Serum is normally used for electrophoresis because you get a clearer view of liquid
plasma when it's not coagulating.
What is different about the electrophoretic pattern in renal disease? - Answer The
ALBUMIN peak will be much lower, since most often in kidney disease there is an
increase in permeability of the renal tubules, so since albumin is the smallest protein, it
will be the first one to leave the kidney and enter the urine.
What is different about the electrophoretic pattern in bacterial infection? - Answer The
GAMMA GLOBULIN peak will be much higher, since antibodies are produced and
antibodies are considered part of the gamma globulin fraction.
Where are plasma proteins produced? - Answer Gamma Globulin is produced in the
LYMPHOID TISSUE.
All others (except gamma globulin) are produced in the LIVER.
What is the smallest plasma protein (in terms of molecular weight)? - Answer Albumin
What plasma protein has the highest percentage concentration in plasma? - Answer
Albumin - 4%
(then globulins - 2.7% , then fibrinogen - 0.3%)
What is the shape of globulin plasma proteins? - Answer Globulins have heterogeneous
shapes since there are several different kinds - alpha, beta, gamma
What is the main difference between interstitial fluid and plasma? - Answer Plasma
contains more proteins
What is the role of plasma proteins? - Answer They have a major role in determining the
distribution of fluid between the plasma and the ISF compartments by controlling
TRANSCAPILLARY DYNAMICS
What is the osmolarity value of body fluids? - Answer ~300 mOsm
(0.9% solution NaCl)
What membrane separates the ISF and plasma? What is it permeable to? - Answer The
Capillary Wall
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